Stroke is one of the main causes of disability. It affects millions of people worldwide. One symptom of stroke is disabled arm function. Restoration of arm function is necessary to resuming activities of daily living (ADL). Along with traditional rehabilitation techniques, robot-aided therapy has emerged recently. The control schemes of rehabilitation robots are designed for two reasons. First they are designed for passive rehabilitation in which the robot guides the patient & apos; s limb through a predefined path and second for active rehabilitation in which the patient initiates the movement and is partially assisted or resisted by the robotic device. This paper introduces a new robot for shoulder rehabilitation. The Shoulder Rehabilitation System (SRS) has three degrees of freedom (DOFs) for three rotational DOFs of the shoulder but additional translational DOFs of the shoulder are also allowed to avoid discomfort to the patient. A new open circular mechanism is proposed for the third joint that solves the known issues for rehabilitation robots such as long wiring and discomfort associated with closed mechanisms. Lyapunov-based controller with integral action is proposed to guide the robot through a predefined trajectory. Simulation results proved that the proposed controller can track the desired trajectory; reject constant bounded disturbance to the system and is robust due to its nonlinear nature. The proposed controller is designed to be used in passive rehabilitation.

These days, one of primary concerns for residence of big cities is associated with the access on shopping centers. People prefer to live in places, which are close to their works, shopping centers and schools. Local governments also prefer to find the most appropriate places in an attempt to reduce unnecessary travels and traffic jams. In this paper, we present an empirical investigation to determine the most important factors influencing facility location for fruit and vegetable market in city of Tehran, Iran. The study has implemented two methods of analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and factor analysis for the investigation. The implementation of AHP has considered two main criteria including Geographic location of market and market, amenities and existing infrastructures. In terms of Geographic location of market, cost saving and public infrastructure are found to be the most important factors while in terms of market based factors, Space and availability of parking are the most important factors. We also use factor analysis and the results of our survey have indicated that Space and Ease of access were two most important factors, which must be considered for facility location.

Superabsorbent hydrogels based on poly(vinyl alcohol) were prepared by a crosslinking technique using glutaraldehyde as a crosslinker. The hydrogel structure was confirmed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results from SEM observation showed a porous structure with smooth surface morphology of the hydrogel. We have systematically optimized the certain variables of hydrogel synthesis (i.e. the crosslinker concentration, poly(vinyl alcohol) content, time and temperature of crosslinking reaction) to achieve a hydrogel with maximum water absorbency. It was concluded that under the optimized conditions, maximum capacity of swelling in distilled water was equal to 231 g/g. The absorbency under load (AUL) of hydrogels was also measured. In addition, swelling ratio in various salt solutions was determined and the hydrogels exhibited salt-sensitivity properties.

This paper presents a study to investigate the effects of outsourcing logistics on improvement of export activities in minerals firms. The proposed study designs a questionnaire with 20 questions in Likert scale and distributes it among 67 firms out of 81 active organizations, which are responsible for exporting minerals in province of Tehran, Iran. Using structural equation modeling, the study has determined that there was a meaningful relationship between strategic orientations of exporters against outsourcing third part logistics (3PL) and basic and additional capabilities of 3PL. In addition, there was a meaningful relationship between basic capabilities of 3PL and competitive advantage of exporters but there was not any meaningful relationship between additional capabilities of 3PL and competitive advantage of exporters. Finally, there was a meaningful relationship between competitive advantage of exporters and performance of exports. In summary, the survey indicates that the outsourcing logistics influences positively on the performance of minerals firms.

During the past few years, despite tremendous contribution on deterministic flow shop problem, there are only limited number of works dedicated on stochastic cases. This paper examines stochastic scheduling problems in two-machine flow shop environment for expected makespan minimization where processing times of jobs are normally distributed. Since jobs have stochastic processing times, to minimize the expected makespan, the expected sum of the second machine’s free times is minimized. In other words, by minimization waiting times for the second machine, it is possible to reach the minimum of the objective function. A mathematical method is proposed which utilizes the properties of the normal distributions. Furthermore, this method can be used as a heuristic method for other distributions, as long as the means and variances are available. The performance of the proposed method is explored using some numerical examples.

This article addresses multi-level lot sizing and scheduling problem in capacitated, dynamic and deterministic cases of a job shop manufacturing system with sequence-dependent setup times and costs assumptions. A new mixed-integer programing (MIP) model with big bucket time approach is provided to the problem formulation. It is well known that the capacitated lot sizing and scheduling problem (CLSP) is NP-hard. The problem of this paper that it is an extent of the CLSP is even more complicated; consequently, it necessitates the use of approximated methods to solve this problem. Hence, two new mixed integer programming-based approaches with rolling horizon framework have been used to solve this model. To evaluate the performance of the proposed model and algorithms, some numerical experiments are conducted. The comparative results indicate the superiority of the second heuristic.

Nano composite materials based on polymers are widely used in restoration martials like dental. Poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) is one of the most used polymers as dental material. PMMA has disadvantages such as low flexural strength properties and impact strength. In this paper, the influences of additive aluminum oxide and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles on the mechanical and strength properties of PMMA (including flexural strength, impact strength, surface hardness and shrinkage behavior) is studied experimentally. For this purpose, nine standard mechanical testing samples of pure PMMA, PMMA/5HA and PMMA/10HA with various amounts of Nano aluminum oxide (3,6,8 wt.%) were prepared. The results showed that the mechanical properties of hybrid Nano-composites were significantly improved in comparison with the pure samples in a way that optimal Nano-composite with convenience flexural properties and impact strength is obtained. Moreover, the use of nanoparticles results in shrinkage reduction of hybrid Nano-composites in comparison with pure PMMA.

Portfolio optimization problem follows the calculation of investment income per share, based on return and risk criteria. Since stock risk is achieved by calculating its return, which is itself computed based on stock price, it is essential to forecast the stock price, efficiently. In this paper, in order to predict the stock price, grey fuzzy technique with high efficiency is employed. The proposed study of this paper calculates the return and risk of each asset and portfolio optimization model is developed based on cardinality constraint and investment income per share. To solve the resulted model, Invasive Weed Optimization (IWO) algorithm is applied. In an example this algorithm is compared with other metaheuristic algorithms such as Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (ICA), Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The results show that the applied algorithm performs significantly better than other algorithms.

Six Sigma is known as the best quality management system, which has been applied in different places with distinct tasks. Any implementation of Six Sigma project normally can succeed only when human resource management is applied within the organization, properly. In this paper, we illustrate the intense of relationships between the human resources management indices and Six Sigma project implementation indices for some selected Iranian manufacturing firms. By using the fuzzy cognitive maps (FCM), we are able to show the strength of relationships among various indices. This study helps quality and human resource managers learn how to manage the critical indices to achieve their determined goals and to increase Six Sigma project performance throw human resource management perspective.

In this paper, the effects of specimen size and crack length on the fracture toughness of polycrystalline graphite are studied. The experimental results reported in the previous studies showed that the fracture toughness of graphite increase in bigger specimen. It has been also demonstrated that the fracture toughness of graphite is nearly identical in specimens with crack length ratio less than 0.7 but decreases for grater crack length ratios. To justify the size and crack length dependency of fracture toughness, the modified form of maximum tangential stress (MMTS) criterion, which makes the use of higher order terms in calculating the stress field around the crack tip is employed. It is shown that the MMTS criterion can provide good estimates for the fracture toughness of graphite obtained from specimen with different sizes. It is also indicated that the MMTS criterion can predict very good the reported experimental fracture toughness data for samples with the crack length ratios less than 0.7.