How to cite this paper
Galdeano, D., Ahmed, U., Fati, M., Rehan, R & Ahmed, A. (2019). Financial performance and corporate social responsibility in the banking sector of Bahrain: Can engagement moderate?.Management Science Letters , 9(10), 1529-1542.
Refrences
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Abiola, I., & Olausi, A. S. (2014). The impact of credit risk management on the commercial banks per-formance in Nigeria. International Journal of Management and Sustainability, 3(5), 295-306.
Adusei, C. (2018). Determinants of non-performing loans in the banking sector of Ghana between 1998 and 2013. Asian Development Policy Review, 6(3), 142-154.
Ahmed, U., Khalid, N., Ammar, A., & Shah, M. H. (2017). Assessing moderation of employee engage-ment on the relationship between work discretion, job clarity and business performance in the banking sector of Pakistan. Asian Economic and Financial Review, 7(12), 1197.
Ahmed, U., Majid, A. H. A., & Zin, M. M. (2016). Moderation of meaningful work on the relationship of supervisor support and coworker support with work engagement. The East Asian Journal of Business Management (EAJBM), 6(3), 15-20.
Ahmed, U., Shah, S. A., Qureshi, M. A., Shah, M. H., & Khuwaja, F. M. (2018). Nurturing innovation performance through corporate entrepreneurship: The moderation of employee engagement. Studies in Business and Economics, 13(2), 20-30.
Aupperle, K. E., Carroll, A. B., & Hatfield, J. D. (1985). An empirical examination of the relationship be-tween corporate social responsibility and profitability. Academy of management Journal, 28(2), 446-463.
Bagozzi, R. P., & Yi, Y. (1988). On the evaluation of structural equation models. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 16(1), 74-94.
Bakker, A. B., & Bal, M. P. (2010). Weekly work engagement and performance: A study among starting teachers. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 83(1), 189-206.
Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2008). Towards a model of work engagement. Career Development In-ternational, 13(3), 209-223.
Bakker, A. B., Tims, M., & Derks, D. (2012). Proactive personality and job performance: The role of job crafting and work engagement. Human relations, 65(10), 1359-1378.
Banks in Bahrain (2018). Banks in Bahrain. Retrieved from: http://www.banksbahrain.org/banking-in-bahrain/. [Accessed 12 Dcember 2018].
Baron, D. P. (2001). Private politics, corporate social responsibility, and integrated strategy. Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, 10(1), 7-45.
Barrick, M. R., Thurgood, G. R., Smith, T. A., & Courtright, S. H. (2015). Collective organizational en-gagement: Linking motivational antecedents, strategic implementation, and firm performance. Academy of Management journal, 58(1), 111-135.
Bellon, J. S., Estevez-Cubilete, A., Rodriguez, N., Dandy, R., Lane, S., & Deringer, E. (2010, January). Employee engagement and customer satisfaction. In Allied Academies International Conference. Acad-emy of Health Care Management. Proceedings (Vol. 7, No. 1, p. 1). Jordan Whitney Enterprises.
Cantor, D. E., Morrow, P. C., & Montabon, F. (2012). Engagement in environmental behaviors among supply chain management employees: An organizational support theoretical perspective. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 48(3), 33-51.
Carroll, A. B. (1999). Corporate social responsibility: Evolution of a definitional construct. Business & society, 38(3), 268-295.
Cheng, C. P., Phung, M. T., Hsiao, C. L., Shen, D. B., & Chen, B. S. (2018). Impact of operational risk toward the efficiency of banking-evidence from Taiwans banking industry. Asian Economic and Fi-nancial Review, 8(6), 815-831.
Chidoko, C., & Mashavira, N. (2014). An analysis of corporate governance in the banking sector of Zim-babwe. Humanities and Social Sciences Letters, 2(3), 174-180.
Chin, W. W. (1998). The partial least squares approach to structural equation modeling. Modern Methods for Business Research, 295(2), 295-336.
Christensen Hughes, J., & Rog, E. (2008). Talent management: A strategy for improving employee re-cruitment, retention and engagement within hospitality organizations. International Journal of Contem-porary Hospitality Management, 20(7), 743-757.
Chun, J. S., Shin, Y., Choi, J. N., & Kim, M. S. (2013). How does corporate ethics contribute to firm fi-nancial performance? The mediating role of collective organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Management, 39(4), 853-877.
Cochran, P. L. (2007). The evolution of corporate social responsibility. Business Horizons, 50(6), 449-454.
Collier, J., & Esteban, R. (2007). Corporate social responsibility and employee commitment. Business eth-ics: A European Review, 16(1), 19-33.
Crane, A., Matten, D., & Spence, L. (Eds.). (2019). Corporate social responsibility: Readings and cases in a global context. Routledge.
Cropanzano, R., & Mitchell, M. S. (2005). Social exchange theory: An interdisciplinary review. Journal of Management, 31(6), 874-900.
Dahlsrud, A. (2008). How corporate social responsibility is defined: an analysis of 37 defini-tions. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 15(1), 1-13.
Deng, X., Kang, J. K., & Low, B. S. (2013). Corporate social responsibility and stakeholder value maxi-mization: Evidence from mergers. Journal of Financial Economics, 110(1), 87-109.
Donaldson, T., & Preston, L. E. (1995). The stakeholder theory of the corporation: Concepts, evidence, and implications. Academy of Management Review, 20(1), 65-91.
Economic Development Board. (2019). EDB Bahrain. Retrieved from: https://bahrainedb.com/latest-news/infrastructure-and-construction-underpin-continuity-in-bahrains-non-oil-growth/. [Accessed 11 February 2019].
Ekpete, M. S., & Iwedi, M. (2017). Financial intermediation functions of microfinance banks in Nigeria: A vector autoregressive and multivariate approach. International Journal of Economics and Financial Modelling, 2(1), 7-24.
Elkhayat, N., & ElBannan, M. A. (2018). State divestitures and bank performance: Empirical evidence from the Middle East and North Africa region. Asian Economic and Financial Review, 8(2), 145-171.
EmenikeKalu, O., & Obasi, R. (2016). Long-run relationship between marketing of bank services & the performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria. International Journal of Economics, Business & Management Studies, 3(1), 12-20.
Fenwick, T., & Bierema, L. (2008). Corporate social responsibility: issues for human resource develop-ment professionals. International Journal of training and Development, 12(1), 24-35.
Flammer, C. (2015). Does corporate social responsibility lead to superior financial performance? A re-gression discontinuity approach. Management Science, 61(11), 2549-2568.
Forbes. (2016). Five major changes that will impact the finance industry in the next two years. Retrieved from: https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbesfinancecouncil/2016/08/30/five-major-changes-that-will-impact-the-finance-industry-in-the-next-two-years/#9b4fa4b2ae3e. [Accessed 28 November 2018].
Friedman, M. (1970). A theoretical framework for monetary analysis. Journal of Political Econo-my, 78(2), 193-238.
Ghosh, P. K., Khatun, M., & Tarafdar, P. (2018). Bankruptcy via earning volatility: Does it integrate in fi-nancial institutions?. Asian Economic and Financial Review, 8(1), 52-62.
Gössling, T. (2011). Corporate social responsibility and business performance: theories and evidence about organizational responsibility. Edward Elgar Publishing.
Gruman, J. A., & Saks, A. M. (2011). Performance management and employee engagement. Human Re-source Management Review, 21(2), 123-136.
Hair Jr, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C., & Sarstedt, M. (2013). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM): Sage Publications.
Hallunovi, A., & Berdo, M. (2018). The relationship between risk management and profitability of com-mercial banks in Albania. Asian Themes in Social Sciences Research, 1(2), 44-49.
Harter, J. K., Schmidt, F. L., Killham, E. A., & Agrawal, S. (2009). Q12 meta-analysis: The relationship between engagement at work and organizational outcomes. Omaha, NE: Gallup.
Held, D., McGrew, A., Goldblatt, D., & Perraton, J. (2000). Global transformations: Politics, economics and culture. In Politics at the Edge (pp. 14-28). Palgrave Macmillan, London.
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sinkovics, R. R. (2009). The use of partial least squares path modeling in international marketing. In New challenges to international marketing (pp. 277-319). Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
Heritage (2019). Economic Freedom Index/ Retrieved from: https://www.heritaxge.org/index/country/bahrain. [Accessed 15 December 2019].
Hurst, B., & Ihlen, Ø. (2018). Corporate Social Responsibility and Engagement. Handbook of communica-tion engagement, 133-152.
Jensen, M. (2001). Value maximisation, stakeholder theory, and the corporate objective func-tion. European Financial Management, 7(3), 297-317.
Juhdi, N., Pa'wan, F., & Hansaram, R. M. K. (2013). HR practices and turnover intention: the mediating roles of organizational commitment and organizational engagement in a selected region in Malay-sia. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 24(15), 3002-3019.
Kim, G., Shin, B., & Grover, V. (2010). Research note: Investigating two contradictory views of formative measurement in information systems research. MIS Quarterly, 34(2), 345-365.
Krishnan, A. T. B., & Kumaran, A. (2015). Future forward: Banking on youngsters to create value. Inter-national Journal of Management and Sustainability, 4(8), 173-182.
Lee, S., & Heo, C. Y. (2009). Corporate social responsibility and customer satisfaction among US publicly traded hotels and restaurants. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 28(4), 635-637.
Lindgreen, A., & Swaen, V. (2009). Corporate social responsibility. International Journal of Management Reviews, 12(1), 1-7. (ISSN 1460-8545)
Liu, X., & Yin, Z. (2018). A warning model of centralized credit default in commercial banks. Interna-tional Journal of Emerging Trends in Social Sciences, 2(1), 17-20.
Mahon, E. G., Taylor, S. N., & Boyatzis, R. E. (2014). Antecedents of organizational engagement: explor-ing vision, mood and perceived organizational support with emotional intelligence as a modera-tor. Frontiers in psychology, 5, 1322.
McGuire, J. B., Sundgren, A., & Schneeweis, T. (1988). Corporate social responsibility and firm financial performance. Academy of Management Journal, 31(4), 854-872.
McWilliams, A., & Siegel, D. (2000). Corporate social responsibility and financial performance: correla-tion or misspecification?. Strategic Management Journal, 21(5), 603-609.
McWilliams, A., & Siegel, D. (2001). Corporate social responsibility: A theory of the firm perspec-tive. Academy of Management Review, 26(1), 117-127.
Naser, H. (2018). Financial Development and Economic Growth in Oil-Dependent Economy: The case of Bahrain. retrieved from: https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/89743/1/MPRA_paper_89743.pdf
Nazal, A. I. (2017). Added Value of Ijarah Tamwilia Service in Jordanian Islamic Bank (Case Study of Contract No: 2012/500). Humanities and Social Sciences Letters, 5(1), 11-17.
Nelling, E., & Webb, E. (2009). Corporate social responsibility and financial performance: the “virtuous circle” revisited. Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, 32(2), 197-209.
N'Goala, G. (2007). Customer switching resistance (CSR). The effects of perceived equity, trust and rela-tionship commitment. International Journal of Service Industry Management, 18(5), 510-533.
Nollet, J., Filis, G., & Mitrokostas, E. (2016). Corporate social responsibility and financial performance: A non-linear and disaggregated approach. Economic Modelling, 52, 400-407.
Omodero, C. O., & Ogbonnaya, A. K. (2018). Corporate Tax and Profitability of Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria. Journal of Accounting, Business and Finance Research, 3(2), 47-55.
Orlitzky, M., Schmidt, F. L., & Rynes, S. L. (2003). Corporate social and financial performance: A meta-analysis. Organization studies, 24(3), 403-441.
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Paulík, J., Kombo, F., & Ključnikov, A. (2015). CSR as a driver of satisfaction and loyalty in commercial banks in the Czech Republic. Journal of International Studies, 8(3), 112-127.
Porter, M.E., & Kramer, M.R. (2002). The competitive advantage of corporate philanthropy. Harvard Business Review, 80(12). 56-69.
Ranson, S. (2011). School governance and the mediation of engagement. Educational Management Ad-ministration & Leadership, 39(4), 398-413.
Rich, B. L., Lepine, J. A., & Crawford, E. R. (2010). Job engagement: Antecedents and effects on job performance. Academy of Management Journal, 53(3), 617-635.
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Adusei, C. (2018). Determinants of non-performing loans in the banking sector of Ghana between 1998 and 2013. Asian Development Policy Review, 6(3), 142-154.
Ahmed, U., Khalid, N., Ammar, A., & Shah, M. H. (2017). Assessing moderation of employee engage-ment on the relationship between work discretion, job clarity and business performance in the banking sector of Pakistan. Asian Economic and Financial Review, 7(12), 1197.
Ahmed, U., Majid, A. H. A., & Zin, M. M. (2016). Moderation of meaningful work on the relationship of supervisor support and coworker support with work engagement. The East Asian Journal of Business Management (EAJBM), 6(3), 15-20.
Ahmed, U., Shah, S. A., Qureshi, M. A., Shah, M. H., & Khuwaja, F. M. (2018). Nurturing innovation performance through corporate entrepreneurship: The moderation of employee engagement. Studies in Business and Economics, 13(2), 20-30.
Aupperle, K. E., Carroll, A. B., & Hatfield, J. D. (1985). An empirical examination of the relationship be-tween corporate social responsibility and profitability. Academy of management Journal, 28(2), 446-463.
Bagozzi, R. P., & Yi, Y. (1988). On the evaluation of structural equation models. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 16(1), 74-94.
Bakker, A. B., & Bal, M. P. (2010). Weekly work engagement and performance: A study among starting teachers. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 83(1), 189-206.
Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2008). Towards a model of work engagement. Career Development In-ternational, 13(3), 209-223.
Bakker, A. B., Tims, M., & Derks, D. (2012). Proactive personality and job performance: The role of job crafting and work engagement. Human relations, 65(10), 1359-1378.
Banks in Bahrain (2018). Banks in Bahrain. Retrieved from: http://www.banksbahrain.org/banking-in-bahrain/. [Accessed 12 Dcember 2018].
Baron, D. P. (2001). Private politics, corporate social responsibility, and integrated strategy. Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, 10(1), 7-45.
Barrick, M. R., Thurgood, G. R., Smith, T. A., & Courtright, S. H. (2015). Collective organizational en-gagement: Linking motivational antecedents, strategic implementation, and firm performance. Academy of Management journal, 58(1), 111-135.
Bellon, J. S., Estevez-Cubilete, A., Rodriguez, N., Dandy, R., Lane, S., & Deringer, E. (2010, January). Employee engagement and customer satisfaction. In Allied Academies International Conference. Acad-emy of Health Care Management. Proceedings (Vol. 7, No. 1, p. 1). Jordan Whitney Enterprises.
Cantor, D. E., Morrow, P. C., & Montabon, F. (2012). Engagement in environmental behaviors among supply chain management employees: An organizational support theoretical perspective. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 48(3), 33-51.
Carroll, A. B. (1999). Corporate social responsibility: Evolution of a definitional construct. Business & society, 38(3), 268-295.
Cheng, C. P., Phung, M. T., Hsiao, C. L., Shen, D. B., & Chen, B. S. (2018). Impact of operational risk toward the efficiency of banking-evidence from Taiwans banking industry. Asian Economic and Fi-nancial Review, 8(6), 815-831.
Chidoko, C., & Mashavira, N. (2014). An analysis of corporate governance in the banking sector of Zim-babwe. Humanities and Social Sciences Letters, 2(3), 174-180.
Chin, W. W. (1998). The partial least squares approach to structural equation modeling. Modern Methods for Business Research, 295(2), 295-336.
Christensen Hughes, J., & Rog, E. (2008). Talent management: A strategy for improving employee re-cruitment, retention and engagement within hospitality organizations. International Journal of Contem-porary Hospitality Management, 20(7), 743-757.
Chun, J. S., Shin, Y., Choi, J. N., & Kim, M. S. (2013). How does corporate ethics contribute to firm fi-nancial performance? The mediating role of collective organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Management, 39(4), 853-877.
Cochran, P. L. (2007). The evolution of corporate social responsibility. Business Horizons, 50(6), 449-454.
Collier, J., & Esteban, R. (2007). Corporate social responsibility and employee commitment. Business eth-ics: A European Review, 16(1), 19-33.
Crane, A., Matten, D., & Spence, L. (Eds.). (2019). Corporate social responsibility: Readings and cases in a global context. Routledge.
Cropanzano, R., & Mitchell, M. S. (2005). Social exchange theory: An interdisciplinary review. Journal of Management, 31(6), 874-900.
Dahlsrud, A. (2008). How corporate social responsibility is defined: an analysis of 37 defini-tions. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 15(1), 1-13.
Deng, X., Kang, J. K., & Low, B. S. (2013). Corporate social responsibility and stakeholder value maxi-mization: Evidence from mergers. Journal of Financial Economics, 110(1), 87-109.
Donaldson, T., & Preston, L. E. (1995). The stakeholder theory of the corporation: Concepts, evidence, and implications. Academy of Management Review, 20(1), 65-91.
Economic Development Board. (2019). EDB Bahrain. Retrieved from: https://bahrainedb.com/latest-news/infrastructure-and-construction-underpin-continuity-in-bahrains-non-oil-growth/. [Accessed 11 February 2019].
Ekpete, M. S., & Iwedi, M. (2017). Financial intermediation functions of microfinance banks in Nigeria: A vector autoregressive and multivariate approach. International Journal of Economics and Financial Modelling, 2(1), 7-24.
Elkhayat, N., & ElBannan, M. A. (2018). State divestitures and bank performance: Empirical evidence from the Middle East and North Africa region. Asian Economic and Financial Review, 8(2), 145-171.
EmenikeKalu, O., & Obasi, R. (2016). Long-run relationship between marketing of bank services & the performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria. International Journal of Economics, Business & Management Studies, 3(1), 12-20.
Fenwick, T., & Bierema, L. (2008). Corporate social responsibility: issues for human resource develop-ment professionals. International Journal of training and Development, 12(1), 24-35.
Flammer, C. (2015). Does corporate social responsibility lead to superior financial performance? A re-gression discontinuity approach. Management Science, 61(11), 2549-2568.
Forbes. (2016). Five major changes that will impact the finance industry in the next two years. Retrieved from: https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbesfinancecouncil/2016/08/30/five-major-changes-that-will-impact-the-finance-industry-in-the-next-two-years/#9b4fa4b2ae3e. [Accessed 28 November 2018].
Friedman, M. (1970). A theoretical framework for monetary analysis. Journal of Political Econo-my, 78(2), 193-238.
Ghosh, P. K., Khatun, M., & Tarafdar, P. (2018). Bankruptcy via earning volatility: Does it integrate in fi-nancial institutions?. Asian Economic and Financial Review, 8(1), 52-62.
Gössling, T. (2011). Corporate social responsibility and business performance: theories and evidence about organizational responsibility. Edward Elgar Publishing.
Gruman, J. A., & Saks, A. M. (2011). Performance management and employee engagement. Human Re-source Management Review, 21(2), 123-136.
Hair Jr, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C., & Sarstedt, M. (2013). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM): Sage Publications.
Hallunovi, A., & Berdo, M. (2018). The relationship between risk management and profitability of com-mercial banks in Albania. Asian Themes in Social Sciences Research, 1(2), 44-49.
Harter, J. K., Schmidt, F. L., Killham, E. A., & Agrawal, S. (2009). Q12 meta-analysis: The relationship between engagement at work and organizational outcomes. Omaha, NE: Gallup.
Held, D., McGrew, A., Goldblatt, D., & Perraton, J. (2000). Global transformations: Politics, economics and culture. In Politics at the Edge (pp. 14-28). Palgrave Macmillan, London.
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sinkovics, R. R. (2009). The use of partial least squares path modeling in international marketing. In New challenges to international marketing (pp. 277-319). Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
Heritage (2019). Economic Freedom Index/ Retrieved from: https://www.heritaxge.org/index/country/bahrain. [Accessed 15 December 2019].
Hurst, B., & Ihlen, Ø. (2018). Corporate Social Responsibility and Engagement. Handbook of communica-tion engagement, 133-152.
Jensen, M. (2001). Value maximisation, stakeholder theory, and the corporate objective func-tion. European Financial Management, 7(3), 297-317.
Juhdi, N., Pa'wan, F., & Hansaram, R. M. K. (2013). HR practices and turnover intention: the mediating roles of organizational commitment and organizational engagement in a selected region in Malay-sia. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 24(15), 3002-3019.
Kim, G., Shin, B., & Grover, V. (2010). Research note: Investigating two contradictory views of formative measurement in information systems research. MIS Quarterly, 34(2), 345-365.
Krishnan, A. T. B., & Kumaran, A. (2015). Future forward: Banking on youngsters to create value. Inter-national Journal of Management and Sustainability, 4(8), 173-182.
Lee, S., & Heo, C. Y. (2009). Corporate social responsibility and customer satisfaction among US publicly traded hotels and restaurants. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 28(4), 635-637.
Lindgreen, A., & Swaen, V. (2009). Corporate social responsibility. International Journal of Management Reviews, 12(1), 1-7. (ISSN 1460-8545)
Liu, X., & Yin, Z. (2018). A warning model of centralized credit default in commercial banks. Interna-tional Journal of Emerging Trends in Social Sciences, 2(1), 17-20.
Mahon, E. G., Taylor, S. N., & Boyatzis, R. E. (2014). Antecedents of organizational engagement: explor-ing vision, mood and perceived organizational support with emotional intelligence as a modera-tor. Frontiers in psychology, 5, 1322.
McGuire, J. B., Sundgren, A., & Schneeweis, T. (1988). Corporate social responsibility and firm financial performance. Academy of Management Journal, 31(4), 854-872.
McWilliams, A., & Siegel, D. (2000). Corporate social responsibility and financial performance: correla-tion or misspecification?. Strategic Management Journal, 21(5), 603-609.
McWilliams, A., & Siegel, D. (2001). Corporate social responsibility: A theory of the firm perspec-tive. Academy of Management Review, 26(1), 117-127.
Naser, H. (2018). Financial Development and Economic Growth in Oil-Dependent Economy: The case of Bahrain. retrieved from: https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/89743/1/MPRA_paper_89743.pdf
Nazal, A. I. (2017). Added Value of Ijarah Tamwilia Service in Jordanian Islamic Bank (Case Study of Contract No: 2012/500). Humanities and Social Sciences Letters, 5(1), 11-17.
Nelling, E., & Webb, E. (2009). Corporate social responsibility and financial performance: the “virtuous circle” revisited. Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, 32(2), 197-209.
N'Goala, G. (2007). Customer switching resistance (CSR). The effects of perceived equity, trust and rela-tionship commitment. International Journal of Service Industry Management, 18(5), 510-533.
Nollet, J., Filis, G., & Mitrokostas, E. (2016). Corporate social responsibility and financial performance: A non-linear and disaggregated approach. Economic Modelling, 52, 400-407.
Omodero, C. O., & Ogbonnaya, A. K. (2018). Corporate Tax and Profitability of Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria. Journal of Accounting, Business and Finance Research, 3(2), 47-55.
Orlitzky, M., Schmidt, F. L., & Rynes, S. L. (2003). Corporate social and financial performance: A meta-analysis. Organization studies, 24(3), 403-441.
Oxford. (2019). Bahrain`s Banking sector remains stable despite fluctuations in the regional market. Re-trieved from: https://oxfordbusinessgroup.com/overview/demonstrating-resilience-sector-remains-stable-despite-fluctuations-regional-market. [Accessed 18 March 2019]
Paulík, J., Kombo, F., & Ključnikov, A. (2015). CSR as a driver of satisfaction and loyalty in commercial banks in the Czech Republic. Journal of International Studies, 8(3), 112-127.
Porter, M.E., & Kramer, M.R. (2002). The competitive advantage of corporate philanthropy. Harvard Business Review, 80(12). 56-69.
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