The synthesis, anticancer and antimicrobial properties of novel N-aryl-2-(5-aryltetrazol-2-yl)acetamides were discussed. Novel N-aryl-2H-tetrazoles were synthesized and modified in order to obtain the compounds with a satisfactory pharmacological profile. The structures of target substances were confirmed by using ¹H spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. Anticancer activity screening was carried out within the framework of Developmental Therapeutic Program of the National Cancer Institute's (DTP, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland, USA). The compounds with significant levels of anticancer activities have been found that can be used for further optimization. The antimicrobial activity of the synthesized substances was evaluated by the value of the MIC and minimum fungicidal and bactericidal concentration. The findings exhibited that the compounds possessed moderate antimicrobial potential.

Natural organic pigments such as carotenoids, betalains, anthocyanins, and carminic acid are notably found as safer food preservatives compared to other harmful synthetic chemicals. Due to glycosylation and acylation, betalains exhibit a broad-spectrum antimicrobial functionality with protection against degenerative diseases. Thus, betalains have been investigated as a potential bacterial inhibitor for food preservative applications. Initially, 36 betalain derivatives have been taken for primary screening using molecular docking. Afterward, the top ten ligands are taken for further study and analysis. The results of Prediction of Activity Spectrum of Substances (PASS) assured the antibacterial capabilities of betalains, and Lipinski's rule-of-five ensures the acceptability of the selected ligands as antibacterial inhibitors. The bacterial pathogens, such as C. botulinum (3FIE), E. coli (2ZWK), and S. typhi (3UU2) are selected for molecular docking by these betalain pigments. Furthermore, ADMET investigations and QSAR studies are performed to check insights into the bacterial inhibition process. Most active and common binding sides were observed at GLY159, ASN165, and SER166 for C. botulinum, at ASP8, LYS40, and TRP50 for E. coli; and at ARG37, GLN5, and ARG74 for S. typhi. The present study clearly shows an excellent insight towards the invention of plant-based new organic inhibitors to face the challenges of bacterial-resistant common food preservatives.

The development of three simple, precise, efficient, and accurate spectrophotometric techniques that manipulate ratio spectra is undertaken to measure Ivabradine and Carvedilol simultaneously in bulk and tablet formulation. Applying mathematical calculations like the ratio derivative, first-order ratio derivative and ratio derivative subtraction method has been used for determination of CVD and IBD. For Carvedilol, the calibration curve is linear between concentrations of 40–65 µg/mL and 50–81.25 µg/mL for Ivabradine. These strategies have been put into practice and used for analyzing marketed pharmaceutical formulations. Further, the outliers were statistically assessed by using Grubb’s test and found, as null hypothesis cannot be rejected. The suggested approach was evaluated using four green evaluation approaches with which these tools found an excellent green outcome. Altogether, the proposed method was found to be a simple, sensitive, accurate and eco-friendly method for the analysis of drugs that have overlapping properties in the UV spectrum.

In this research article, four chromophores based on benzoxazine as the electron donor and tricyanovinyl dihydrofuran (TCF) as the electron acceptor have been designed to investigate the nonlinear optical (NLO) response. The geometric and electronic structures, absorption spectra, NBO analysis, and nonlinear optical response have been calculated by employing density functional theory (DFT) at PBEPBE/6-31G (d,p). The new design of chromophores has been proposed by the structural modification of π-spacers/conjugated systems. The DFT and TD−DFT computations at CAM−B3LYP/6−31G (d,p) have been performed to shed light on the influences of structural modification on the NLO properties. The absorption wavelength in different organic solvents, polarizability (α), and hyperpolarizability (β) are all determined. A strong NLO response indicates that this family of organic compounds with a D-π-A structure exhibits large first hyperpolarizability βtot values, these values are much greater than ones of urea. This theoretical model may be used to design other chromophores for usage in electro-optics.

Germination traits are the key factor in higher productivity of crops. Thus, laboratory tests were made to enhance the germination of the seeds. One of the best strategies to promote seed germination was soaking the seeds in water and Moringa leaves extracts (MLE.) before planting. This experiment was carried out to evaluate the optimal soaking duration to enhance seed germination and seedling growth of hybrid 178 maize. There were three soaking durations; 12 hours, 16 hours, and 20 hours, along with the un-treatment (0 hour or without soaking). While the other factor was the concentration of the soaking seeds solution in Moringa leaves extract which was (0.25, 0.5 and 1.00 g) at the ratio of 1:10 (w/v) beside to hydro-priming (soaking in water) and control (un-treatment), each with four replications. Seed germination (%), germination index (GI), germination speed index (SGI), germination rate (GR, day), mean germination rate (MGR, day), seedling shoot length (cm), seedling root length (cm), seedling length (cm), seedling fresh weight (g), seedling dry weights, (g) seedling vigor 1 (SV1) and seedling vigor 2 (SV2) were evaluated. Results showed that maximum value germination traits were found in hybrid 178 of Maize which soaked at 20 hours of duration, followed by soaked at 16 hours then at 12 hours soaking compared with un-soaked seed. The germination and seedling characters, improved with soaking in Moringa leaves extract. 0.25 g/mm MLE. was the best treatment, followed by 0.5 (g) and hydro-priming gave higher values, as to seed germination and seed vigour compared with other treatment. Field emergence experiment gave the best values for dry weight(g) and seedling vigour (SVII) with 0.25 g/mm then 0.5 g/mm and hydro-priming under soaked seed to 20 hour com. This suggests that soaking in Moringa leaves extract as 0.25 concentrate under 20 hour soaking was a suitable treatment that can improve germination and seedling growth in hybrid 178 maize.

Oxo derivatives of pyrazolines and pyrazolidines are important heterocyclic compounds due to their unique biological activities and have been widely applied in pharmaceutical and agromedical fields. In this review, we provide an account of some recent advances in the field of pyrazolone chemistry, specifically on the reported synthesis methods of pyrazolinone (3-oxo-1,2-dihydropyrazole) and 3,5-pyrzolidinediones (3,5-dioxotetrahydropyrazoles) derivatives.

The Zinc doped calcium borate (Zn-CaB) was synthesized by the co-precipitation method. Zinc was known to exhibit a good antimicrobial effect without causing any environmental issues. However, the antimicrobial activity of zinc is relatively low as compared to silver or copper analogues. In the present investigation, an attempt was made to incorporate zinc in the matrix of calcium borates to enhance the antibacterial effect. Cosmetic products were made using the zinc-calcium-borates and the antibacterial/antifungal activity was evaluated and compared with the commercial products. The studies revealed that the antibacterial activity of Zn-CaB was equivalent to that commercially available product with a maximum of 99% reduction in bacterial strains and above 95% reduction in fungal strains. An attempt was made to incorporate a bacteriostatic effect on fabric by adding zinc-calcium-borates to detergent which exhibited prolonged antibacterial activity, even after 3 washing cycles. The cosmetic products were also evaluated for their thermal and photostability.

The FT-IR spectrum of salicylic acid (SA) was studied in the region 10-4000 cm-1. The optimized molecular geometry and fundamental vibration frequencies are interpreted using structural optimizations based on the Functional Density Theory (DFT) method. Additionally, we used B3LYP / 6-311G (d, p) to determine the chemical descriptor, the ionization potential (I), the electron affinity (A), the chemical potential (μ), the chemical hardness (η). Nonlinear optical descriptors (NLO) such as dipole moment (μ), polarizability (α), first hyperpolarizability (β) and second hyperpolarizability (γ), 3D maps of HOMO and LUMO orbitals, lengths and Bond angles of salicylic acid isomers are also determined by both DFT and MP2 (The Møller-Plesset theory of order 2 perturbation) methods. The overall descriptors and the non-linear optical properties confirmed that salicylic acid is the reactive molecule and para-hydroxybenzoic acid is the stable molecule. An electrostatic molecular potential (MEP) study was also performed to determine the reactivity of molecules.

Field experiments were carried out for two consecutive seasons at the Experimental Shandaweel Agricultural Research Station, Sohag Governorate, Upper Egypt, during the growing seasons of 2013 and 2014, to study the effect of irrigation intervals and foliar spray of zinc and silicon treatments on chemical composition of maize. Results indicated that scheduling at every 10 days produced the N% , Crude protein%, Cu%, P%, K%, Zn%, Si%, Mn% and Fe% and foliar spray of zinc and silicon treatments produced the highest chemical composition of maize crop. The best N%, Crude protein%, Cu% and Mn were obtained from zinc + silicon treatments followed by zinc, silicon treatments. In contrast, untreated treatments produced the lowest values. It can be concluded that the scheduling at every 10 days and application of foliar spray of zinc + silicon treatments as the effective one could be recommended for scheduling irrigation at every 10 days with application of foliar spray of zinc, silicon or zinc +silicon treatments of maize crop at Shandaweel Agricultural Research Station, Sohag Governorate, Upper Egypt to obtain the best results from chemical composition of maize.

A series of N-acetyl pyrazole derivatives, 1-acetyl-3-aryl-5-[5'-(4-nitrophenyl)-2'-furyl]-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazoles (5a-j) were synthesized by cyclocondensation reaction between 1-aryl-3-[5-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-furyl]prop-2-en-1-ones (4a-j) and hydrazine hydrate in glacial acetic acid at reflux temperature. Before that, compounds (4a-j) were synthesized by the condensation of 5-(4-nitrophenyl) furan-2-carbaldehyde (3) with various aromatic ketones by using alkali as catalyst. The constitution of the synthesized products has been characterized by using elemental analysis, Infrared,¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR spectroscopy and further supported by Mass spectroscopy. All the products have been screened for their in-vitro biological assay like antibacterial activity towards Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains and antifungal activity towards Aspergillus niger at a concentration of 40 µg/ml. It was exposed that the compounds 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 5g, 5h and 5j showed motivating antibacterial and antifungal activity compared to the used reference standard.