Flavanol compounds are chalcone derivatives, generally found in hydroxy substituted forms that can act as ligands. Hydroxy-substituted flavonols are found in many plants but in very small amounts. In order to enrich and expand the use of this compound as a ligand, the synthetic methods were carried out through structural variations, one of which was by substitution using chloride and then the compound (2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-hydroxy-4H-chromene-4-one) was obtained. In this research, the study was conducted using the compound (2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-hydroxy-4H-chromene-4-one) as a ligand for complex formation with copper (II). From the results of the study, the mole ratio of the ligand with copper (II) metal was 2:1, pH 7.01 with a complex stability time of 15-25 minutes. The complex formed is bright yellow in color and soluble in chloroform. From the characterization of the resulted complex, it was appeared that Cu-flavonol chloride with UV-Vis spectrophotometer showed maximum absorption at wavelengths 273 and 429 indicating the presence of benzoyl and cinnamoyl peaks, with FT-IR showing the wave number 1545cm-1 indicating the presence of Cu=O-Cu bonds and absorption at 682 cm-1 indicating the presence of Cu-O bonds.

Increasing the yield and nutritional value of faba beans is one of the main objectives of the common bean cultivar improvement programs due to its contribution to terminate protein deficiency malnutrition in developing countries and raising the income level of smallholder farmers. In this study, the technological quality of bean seeds from twenty-four genotypes were evaluated (twenty germplasm and four improved cultivars (Misr 1, Giza 429, Giza 716, Giza 843). The results showed a significant diversity in the Egyptian bean germplasm in their quality traits compared to the control cultivars and indicated that the genotypes had a high hydration coefficient that ranged between (98.6-112.4%). While most of the genotypes for cotyledons to hull ratio met the commercial criteria that ranged between (7.41-6.41%). Twenty genotypes had the highest total soluble solids (6.90-11.78%) and were superior to the control cultivars. The seeds chemical composition analysis showed that the genotypes differed in their composition such as protein (26.65 to 30.72 %.), carbohydrate (58.00 to 62.25%), tannin (70.67 to 157.45%), phenols (35.23-51.02 %), and moisture (9.15 to 10.45%).

The chitosan-coated neem flower powder was prepared and employed as an adsorbent for the removal of cationic methylene blue from an aqueous medium. The interaction of chitosan with neem flower was concluded by FTIR. The BET surface area was evaluated for the prepared NFC adsorbent. The adsorption of methylene blue dye onto chitosan-coated neem flower powder (bio-adsorbent) was carried out by varying the concentration of dye, pH, temperature and concentration of adsorbent. The adsorption capacity was evaluated by using Freundlich and Langmuir models. The adsorption data were further analysed with the help of pseudo-first and second-order kinetic models. The thermodynamic parameters were evaluated to comprehend the nature of the adsorption process.

Bagasse and wheat bran are agrowaste and cause different environmental problems. These compounds contain highly valuable compounds that can be recycled by microorganisms. This work was carried out to evaluate the effect of fermentation by Bacillus subtilis on biological activity and chemical components of bagasse and wheat bran. The results demonstrated the antimicrobial activity of fermented wheat bran and bagasse against eight selected microbial pathogens exhibited high activity of fermented wheat bran and mix, fermented bagasse showed less antimicrobial activity. Fermented wheat bran and bagasse samples had the highest antioxidant activity values (16.45 and 14.94 %) in comparison with the unfermented samples (6.20 and 3.97 %) respectively. Concentration of protein, ash, oil, and carbohydrates in fermented wheat bran were 5.34 %, 7.30%, 2.36% and 10.6%, whereas in bagasse they were 2.45%, 1.68%, 1.51% and 3.25 respectively. The moisture contents in bagasse 73.1% were more than in wheat bran 63.88%.

The present investigation was carried out to prepare gluten free biscuits with high quality for celiac patients. The chemical analysis as minerals, amino acids of raw materials was estimated. Also, chemical composition for gluten free biscuits blends was determined and results showed that protein, ether extract and fibre contents were higher in all samples prepared using cassava flour, quinoa flour and sweet potato flour than those samples prepared using cassava flour. Volume, length, spread ratio and width of gluten free biscuit blends B2, B3, B4 and B5 decreased but thickness and bulk density increased compared to cassava flour biscuits B1. All sensory characteristics of free gluten biscuits samples B2, B3, B4 and B5 prepared using cassava flour, quinoa flour, and sweet potato flour were somewhat higher than biscuits prepared from cassava flour B1. Finally, blends B2 and B5 had higher scores in sensorial evaluation, chemical analysis, and physical attributes.

The synthesis, anticancer and antimicrobial properties of novel N-aryl-2-(5-aryltetrazol-2-yl)acetamides were discussed. Novel N-aryl-2H-tetrazoles were synthesized and modified in order to obtain the compounds with a satisfactory pharmacological profile. The structures of target substances were confirmed by using ¹H spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. Anticancer activity screening was carried out within the framework of Developmental Therapeutic Program of the National Cancer Institute's (DTP, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland, USA). The compounds with significant levels of anticancer activities have been found that can be used for further optimization. The antimicrobial activity of the synthesized substances was evaluated by the value of the MIC and minimum fungicidal and bactericidal concentration. The findings exhibited that the compounds possessed moderate antimicrobial potential.

In developing countries, it still suffers from endless problems regarding wastewater treatment and the problem of choosing the appropriate treatment system due to lack of proper technology and weak economy. This study highlights the maturity oxidation pond (stabilization) of small communities as an effective, low-cost and simple post-treatment technique for treating wastewater before discharging into an aquatic ecosystem. The Rashid plant was cited as a treatment plant in the city of Rashid-ElBeheira Governorate - Egypt as a model plant for applying this technology in treatment of wastewater. This work also includes the studying of the relationship between climatic conditions, physicochemical parameters and biomass of microorganisms to evaluate the efficiency of its performance.

A series of isoxazole derivatives, 3-aryl-5-[5-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-furyl]-2,3-dihydroisoxazoles (5a-j) were synthesized by cyclocondensation reaction between 1-aryl-3-[5-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-furyl]prop-2-en-1-ones (4a-j) and hydroxylamine hydrochloride in presence of sodium acetate in glacial acetic acid at reflux temperature. Formerly, compounds (4a-j) were synthesized by the condensation of 5-(4-nitrophenyl) furan-2-carbaldehyde (3) with various aromatic ketones by using alkali as catalyst. The structures of the synthesized various isoxazole have been characterized by using elemental analysis, Infrared,¹H-NMR spectroscopy and further supported by Mass spectroscopy. All the products have been screened for their in-vitro biological assay like antibacterial activity towards Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains and antifungal activity towards Aspergillus niger at a concentration of 40 µg/ml. It was exposed that the compounds 5a, 5c, 5e, 5f, and 5i showed inspiring antibacterial and antifungal activity compared to the used reference standard.

Spodopetra Frugiperda is a highly polyphagous migratory lepidopteran pest species. It causes infestation in crops leading to severe crop losses. Being a new invasive parasite, its susceptibility to insecticides needs to be explored and therefore, there is an urgent need to develop the potent insecticides for the effective control of this insect pest. This is the first report on toxic effects produced by the prepared chalcone and hydrazone analogs, followed by structure relationships. Five compounds of chalcone and hydrazone derivatives have been synthesized in pure state as reported procedures, and their toxicity as potential insecticidal agent against Spodopetra Frugiperda was screened. Their characterizations by using spectroscopic analyses were performed. The toxicity data exhibited that compound 5 is more toxic about 2-fold than other synthesized compounds, the other screened compounds showed weak to strong toxicological activity against Spodopetra Frugiperda (lepidoptera: Noctuidae).

Spodopetra Frugiperda is a highly polyphagous migratory lepidopteran pest species. It causes infestation in crops leading to severe crop losses. Being a new invasive parasite, its susceptibility to insecticides needs to be explored and therefore, there is an urgent need to develop the potent insecticides for the effective control of this insect pest. This is the first report on toxic effects produced by the prepared chalcone and hydrazone analogs, followed by structure relationships. Five compounds of chalcone and hydrazone derivatives have been synthesized in pure state as reported procedures, and their toxicity as potential insecticidal agent against Spodopetra Frugiperda was screened. Their characterizations by using spectroscopic analyses were performed. The toxicity data exhibited that compound 5 is more toxic about 2-fold than other synthesized compounds, the other screened compounds showed weak to strong toxicological activity against Spodopetra Frugiperda (lepidoptera: Noctuidae).