Cheating is not new in an academic line, but a continuous problem faced by educators. Many studies reported an increase trend of cheating among students from secondary or tertiary institutions from time to time. The primary purpose of this paper is to examine the connection between subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, attitude, and intention to cheat among undergraduate students. Also, the variable of justification to cheat is assigned as moderator variable in this relationship. The paper used a survey method for data collection, administered both in electronic and paper form. The Structural equation model with partial least square (PLS-SEM) was utilized to evaluate the data obtained from 917 undergraduate students in one of the public universities in Malaysia. The results provided support that justification, alongside subjective norms, perceived behavioral control were valid predictors of intention to cheat. However, Attitude was significant with the intention to cheat. Further, the findings showed that among the three constructs of the Theory of Planned Behavior, justification could only significantly moderate the perceived behavioral control-intention to cheat relationship. The study was only conducted at one public university in Malaysia. Researchers are recommended to further examine the model in other universities and other countries. Implications for implementing strict anti-academic dishonesty policy and research are discussed.

The COVID-19 pandemic is changing the way firms do business and changing it quickly. At the present time, there is an urgent need to restructure many activities within companies, including the redesign of cost systems to accommodate the negative effects resulting from this disease. This paper aims to examine the impact of certain environmental factors on cost system design (product diversity and relevant cost information) which has been examined by previous studies. It is important to research this topic again and to suggest other factors (technological changes and triggered exception operational losses) resulting from changing operational style after the worldwide spread of COVID-19. The empirical results indicate that the cost system design applied in industrial corporations listed on the Amman Stock Exchange is positively affected by technological changes, triggered exception operational losses, and relevant cost information, while no relationship was found with product diversity.

Few studies have explored the stakeholder conflict from the perspective of hotelier and/or travel agency; however, this study has aimed to investigate stakeholder conflict from the perspective of guests, and its effects on guests’ satisfaction and behavioral intentions while ex-amine mediating factor of guests ’perceived value, which has not been examined empirically before. Since no scale could be found that measures guests’ perceived stakeholder conflict factors (PSCF) arose from unsatisfactory relationship between accommodation establishments and tour operators/travel agencies, this study conceptualized PSCF and developed a scale for assessing this conflict and its outcomes. Through careful instrument development process, four sub-dimensions and 17 items of PSCF were identified. Thereafter, the study empirically tested the conceptual model by conducting survey study to collect data. The mediation effects obtained indicated that guests ‘perceived value mediated the effects of the PSCF on guest satisfaction and behavioral intentions associated with the accommodation businesses. The instrument is demonstrated to have good suitability, validity, and reliability. Applying the scale of PSCF enabled the identification of the two consequences of guests' satisfaction and behavioral intentions. Limitations, recommendations for future research and managerial implications are provided.

Training and development have been applied in many aspects for organization performance. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships between training and development and organizational performance. In addition, the study also analyzes the influence of organizational culture as a mediator in the relationship between training and development and organizational performance. The data are analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. IBM Statistical Package for the social sciences software (IBM-SPSS) version 23 and Smart Partial Least Square (SmartPLS) version 4.3 were used to evaluate the hypotheses of the study. The survey of the study involved 219 employees in courier service organizations in Malaysia. The finding of the study shows that there was a positive relationship between training and development and organizational performance. Furthermore, the finding also reveals that organization culture mediate the relationship between training and development and organization performance. Hence organizations should consistently train and develop their employees through formal and informal training programs as well as encourage employees to embrace organizational culture and values as well as cultivate the core values of organizational culture amongst employees to strengthen and improve organizational performance.

As social media becomes influential in our daily life, successful adoption of it may act as a motivating factor to achieve entrepreneurial outcomes such as entrepreneurial intention, the most reliable indicator of actions toward entrepreneurial behavior. Although numerous studies found personality as a strong determinant of entrepreneurial intention, the focus was on broad personality constructs such as the Big Five, rather than specific ones that may predict entrepreneurial outcomes better. Based on the concept of entrepreneurial intentionality and entrepreneurial networking, social media technology acceptance that includes perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and intention to use social media, is proposed to mediate the relationship between entrepreneurial personality and entrepreneurial intention. Using a sample of 261 college students and SEM analysis, significant positive direct and indirect influences were found.

SMEs play a critical role for the economic growth of nations by providing the opportunity for individuals to develop their skills and to be self-employed. SMEs are flexible and are able to quickly acclimatize to the factors affecting supply and demand. In todays’ rapidly changing business environment, SMEs are faced with difficult challenges to effectively implement the practices that are frequently adopted by larger business rivals. This study will discuss the concept of entrepreneurial orientation, innovation performance, and learning orientation in the context of SMEs in Kuwait. This study assumes that Entrepreneurial Orientation has both direct and indirect impacts on Innovation Performance (IP) through the mediating role of learning orientation. This study used quantitative methods to investigate and test the hypothesis that the association of entrepreneurial orientation with innovation performance was mediated by learning orientation. The target population in the present study is the owners and CEOs of SMEs in Kuwait, and the stratified random sampling method was used to select 221 participants. This study used a structured questionnaire containing close ended questions to gather the data. The data was analyzed using the partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). Results of the analysis show that learning orientation played a partial mediating role in the association of entrepreneurial orientation with innovation performance.

This study aims to examine the effect of relationship value and test the moderating effect of relationship age on performance in a manufacturer-retailer relationship. Relationship value is identified from four dimensions – personal, financial, knowledge, and strategic value, each of which is indicated in different outcomes. This research presents a new taxonomy that can be used for manufacturers from retailers' perceptions of what counts as relationship value. Furthermore, this study explores the effect of relationship age on the relationship value and performance. Data were collected from 259 retailers from paint and chemical stores in Indonesia, through a structured questionnaire, and collected quantitative data were analyzed through structural equation modeling (SEM). The analysis of the sample suggests a positive relation-ship between relationship value and performance. This research shows the impact of relation-ship age into a short-term and long-term relationship. Relationship age did not strengthen the positive relationship between relationship value and performance. Findings suggest that manufacturers should invest more time and effort in relationship value drivers with their key retailers to enhance their relationships with those retailers.

Since consumer’s needs, wants, and preferences establish a cornerstone for developing new products, this research aims to determine the effect of hedonic shopping motivations of Jordanian youth’s fashion leadership behavior through a social psychology approach. Based on the diffusion and human motivations theories, six hedonic shopping motivations have been examined: (1) value shopping motivations; (2) gratification shopping motivations; (3) idea shopping motivations; (4) adventure shopping motivations; (5) social shopping motivations; and (6) role shopping motivations. A self-administered questionnaire has been developed to collect data from the research sample comprising 500 students from four private universities in Amman. Results showed that fashion leadership behavior is significantly related only to four hedonic shopping motivations: value shopping motivations, idea shopping motivations, social shopping motivations; and role shopping motivations, whereas gratification and adventure shopping motivations were found to not have a significant impact on leadership behavior. Research recommendations and future research were also discussed.

This research aims to investigate the impact of school efficiency on student development and sheds light on the way that top-universities enhance students’ knowledge, skills, health, and psychological development. Through interviewing and sending online questionnaires to over 2000 students from 5 top universities in Vietnam based on Ranking Web of Universities, the research results suggest the significant influence of school-related factors, student demographic factors, and students’ personality on student development. Specifically, teaching quality has a positive relationship with all dependent variables except for psychosocial development. The results also illustrate that school facilities positively relate to students’ satisfaction but negatively associate with their academic performance. Additionally, the research points out that boys have better psychological, mental, and physical development than girls do. At the same time, students with lower schoolyear tend to have a higher level of studying satisfaction. Furthermore, the impact of personality, including openness, conscientiousness, and extraversion, on student development is remarkable due to their significant positive connections with all five dependent variables. On the other hand, agreeable students appear to have less psychological development than those in other personality groups.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of transformational leadership on employee performance via job satisfaction in telecommunication sector, Jordan. Self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from 278 employees. Structural equation modeling (SEM) via The Analysis of Moment Structures, i.e., IBM AMOS 22 was applied to test hypotheses. The findings show that transformational leadership was significantly and positively associated with both job satisfaction and employee performance. Furthermore, job satisfaction had a significant relationship with employee performance. Consequently, the results underlined a significant mediation effect of job satisfaction in the interaction between transformational leadership and employee performance. This research provides empirical evidence of the interaction between transformational leadership, job satisfaction and employee performance in a key industry in a developing country, Jordan. Finally, this study was conducted in telecommunication sector in a developing country, Jordan, therefore, the results cannot be generalized across countries.