This paper identifies the mediating role of innovation and moderating role of size of enterprise on the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and performance of Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs). For the purpose of this study, the necessary data is collected from 384 MSE's operating in Punjab province, Pakistan. Initially the data are analyzed using SPSS 22 and then, for the development of structure equation modeling, Smart PLS-3 is used. Two aspects of entrepreneurial orientations; namely risk taking and pro-activeness are analyzed and innovation is considered as mediat-ing variable. The major contribution of the study is to identify any moderating effect of size of the enterprise on the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation, innovation and performance of MSEs. These elements basically show the contribution that is made by the innovation and performance of the MSE's. The results reveal that the size of enterprises moderated the relationship between risk taking and performance, pro-activeness and performance as well as innovation and performance.

Consumers’ consumption culture of the twentieth century has culminated into environmental degra-dation and its adverse consequences on health and the ecosystem. Despite these concerns, consumers still fail to purchase environmentally-friendly or green products due to the lack of awareness and belief about the benefits of such products. This study seeks to understand consumers’ attitude towards green products by investigating the effect of consumers’ green product knowledge, green product belief, environment affect and environmental concern on green product purchase intention drawing on the cognitive-affect-behaviour model. Multiple regression analysis was used to analyse the data from 348 Health workers from a South-eastern Health Institution in Nigeria and examined the proposed hypotheses. The result shows that green product purchase intention was significantly influenced by green product knowledge and environmental affect but no significant effect was found for green product belief and environmental concern. Environmental effects had the most im-pact on green product purchase intention. Therefore, it is recommended that marketers focus their marketing campaigns towards educating consumers on the availability and benefits of green prod-ucts by using eco-labels and emphasizing the health and environment benefits of green products; appealing to consumers’ morals and emotions in marketing campaigns for green products to spur consumers’ interest in green products and adopting a green lifestyle.

The purpose of this study is to identify the influence of innovative cultural processes (ICP) on SMEs performance in Punjab, Pakistan. Data was collected through survey method. 60 usable questionnaires were used for collecting the information from SMEs CEOs/owners/senior managers from Punjab, Pakistan. Research design was consisted on developing the hypothetical framework with innovative cultural processes set as an independent variable to test SMEs performance as a dependent variable. Validity and reliability of the scale were assessed by experts and also a small set of the data was used for analysis through SPSS version 20.0 and PLS-SEM 3.0 for analyzing the effect. The results of the research confirmed the validity and reliability of the instrument used in this study. The findings of this study also validate the empirical linkage between capturing ICP and SMEs performance in Punjab, Pakistan. This study has some practical implications especially for SMEs in Pakistan and recommendations to have ICP for enhancing the performance of SMEs.

The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between green human resource management (HRM) practices, including Green recruitment and selection, Green training and development, and Green rewards, and environmental performance in Jordanian health service organization. The research hypotheses are tested by means of a questionnaire survey carried out among health service organizations in Jordan between April and May 2018. Our design choice to focus on a single sector was because of our intention to diminish the confounding effects of non- controllable factors in our research study, such as legislative, culture, and economical contexts. The results show a moderate implementation of Green HRM in Jordanian hospitals, the strongest correlation was with recruitment and selection while the weakest correlation was with training and development. Statistical positive association also was indicated between the three HRM practices and environmental performance.

The utilization of Business Intelligence (BI) to yield financial management among manufactures has been one of the main advantages of managing businesses through strategized financial performance. The BI can be conceptualized as a decision-making process, which is an emerging topic within technology management and financial decision making. Furthermore, such factors influencing the adoption of this type of strategized decision-making process are under extensive investigation. The main objective of this research is to develop a BI framework to provide a data analytics and action plan to help Malaysian Halal Food Manufacturing Industry (MHFMI) strategize financial performance. The specific objective of the study is to assess and validate the relationship between the adoption of BI and MHFMI. The methodology of the study starts with the theory adoption of BI parameters and methods, followed by the development of the adopted and adapted theoretical models using the conceptual framework developed and MHFMI involvement into the strategic financial performance management. The managers of the MHFMI is requested to provide the necessary information about their companies, perception of BI and financial performances. Reliability analysis is used to validate the constructs and test measurements in variance. The study applies regression analysis to determine the effects of different decision making strategies on BI. The research output indicates that the BI data analytics and the action plan as well as the conceptual framework could improve the financial performance by the adoption and the adaptation of the conceptualized strategy among MHFMI. This study is believed to be the first in Jordan that shed light on how human resource functions could provide environmental performance in health service organizations particularly in hospitals. It supports the literature of Green HRM and environment protection which is not well developed in developing countries like Jordan.

The recent paradigm shift from recruitment of international students to retention of students encouraged radical changes on the consumption of educational services from university serving the students for creation of mutually beneficial relationship between the students and the university. The impact of globalization hit the economy in two paradoxes; first, consumers have more choices but less satisfaction; second, service providers have more strategic options, which yield less value. Against this background, this study proposed and validated destination loyalty model to arrest the increasing students’ attrition at study location. The declining state funding of higher education challenged the management of education sector to design sustainable competitive advantage strategy not only to attract but also to retain students at their study destination. A total of 498 data was solicited from international students at Malaysian public universities, partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to test the reliability and validity of items and constructs. The results show that relationship marketing dynamism of service quality, students’ satisfaction, perceive image, perceived value and personal reasons were stable for international student loyalty to study destination. A new model called 2S2P was developed for emerging education destinations. Theoretical and practical implications as well as directions for future studies were documented in the paper.

te results in a disruption of operations in the head office, in forms of delays in the provision of data reporting, which causes a disruption in flow of information. This research covers such aspects as colleagues' relationships, work environment, salary level, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment. The primary objective of this paper is to identify different aspects of employee turnover intention. Partial Least Square Method (PLS) is applied to determine the important factors of employee turnover intention. The result shows that job satisfaction and organizational commitment maintained an adverse and significant effect on turnover intention while salary levels had an adverse but not significant effect on turnover intention. Coworkers and workplace relationships also had an adverse and significant effect but had no direct effect on turnover intention.

Women-Empowerment is one of the most crucial challenge in Pakistan. Pakistani women are con-tributing only 25-30% in nation’s economy which is quite low as compared with other developed as well as developing countries such as United Kingdom (UK), United States of America (USA), Ma-laysia, China, Indonesia and India. To address this problem, the primary objective of this study was to examine the role of microfinance institutions in women-empowerment. Moreover, moderating role of vulnerability was also examined. Quantitative research approach and cross-sectional research design were adopted. Data were collected from the female clients of microfinance institutes in Southern Punjab, Pakistan. Survey was conducted to collect the data and questionnaires were dis-tributed by using area cluster sampling. SmartPLS (SEM) was used to analyze the data. It was found that non-financial services of microfinance institutes such as training/skill development pro-grams and social capital development had positive contributions towards women-empowerment. Moreover, vulnerability moderated the relationship between social capital and women empowerment. Thus, this study contributed in the body of literature by investigating vulnerability as moderating variable. Hence, this study is beneficial for microfinance institutes to enhance women-empowerment through training/skill development and social capital development.


This article has been retracted.

Six Sigma approach is based on decreasing defects and variations in the products and processes, and it provides important benefits to healthcare organizations. This study aims to identify managers’ opinions, who work in private healthcare organizations, about the reasons behind not using Six Sigma in their organizations. The research was performed between December 2016 and March 2018 in private healthcare organizations (private hospitals and medical centers) operating in Turkey and not using Six Sigma approach. Data were collected from managers, who have knowledge about Six Sigma, through using surveys. In this study, survey methodology was used to collect data. According to the results, the biggest barrier related to not using Six Sigma is based on the lack of knowledge about Six Sigma. The other important barrier about the diffusion of Six Sigma within this organizations is related to the lack of support from top management and leaders. Another finding about the reasons of not applying Six Sigma approach is that there is not a statistically significant difference among managers in terms of their managerial position. In order to overcome the lack of knowledge about Six Sigma, it is advised that managers should take steps in the direction of promoting Six Sigma within their current organization, and provide necessary support and leadership about the process.

Rapid economic changes and globalization have triggered urgent response from firms to devise ef-fective strategies in improving performance and ensuring long-term survival. This study examined the influence of environmental strategy and competitive advantage on business performance. Subsequently, it determined the different effects of environmental strategy and competitive advantage on business performance. This cross-sectional study involved a total of 222 hotel managers as respondents. Data in the study was obtained via self-administered questionnaires. Partial Least Squares (PLS) analysis was used to test the hypotheses of study. Findings of this study revealed the significant and positive effects of environmental strategy and competitive advantage on business performance. Competitive advantage has been found to contribute towards a higher variance on business performance than environmental strategy. Results obtained have proven the robustness of the theory applied in this study to explain the business performance of the tourism industry in the context of a developing country. The results close the gaps in previous research findings that will add to the current body of knowledge.