The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) on differentiation strategy. In this study, the components of EO are innovativeness, proactiveness and risk-taking. On the other hand, differentiation strategy indicates the product, process, market and brand differentiation. The study uses survey questionnaire for data collection. The data are collected from Muslim entrepreneurs of the apparel industry from Bangladesh. The study uses 339 data to conduct the research. After data collection, SmartPLS is applied for quantitative analysis to examine the effect of EO on differentiation strategy. The study indicates a positive and significant effect of innovativeness, proactiveness and risk-taking (EO) on differentiation strategy. Among the three components of EO, proactiveness is found the most significant component on differentiation strategy followed by innovativeness and risk-taking.

This study aims to examine the influence of HRM practices (employees’ empowerment, job security, and employees’ participation) and employees’ satisfaction on intention to leave and the mediating role of employees’ satisfaction from the perspective of faculty members in private universities in Kuwait. The survey questionnaire was gathered from 261 faculty members who were working in four private universities in Kuwait. The study used the software SmartPLS (version 3.2.8) to test the study hypotheses. The findings indicate that HRM practices (employees’ empowerment and job security) and employees’ satisfaction had negative effects on intention to leave, and employees’ satisfaction partially mediated the relationship between HRM practices (employees’ empowerment and job security) and intention to leave. Future studies may include other samples as public universities or other sectors in Kuwait such as the education sector or health care sector.

This paper investigates the effects of different dimensions of innovation on the competitive advantage of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The main dimensions of the innovation retained in this study are related to different types of innovation, innovation activities, sources of internal and external information, and public support for innovation. In this study, we rely on the principal component analysis of innovation applied to a sample of 231 Tunisian SMEs. The results show that product innovation, organizational innovation and innovation activities were the key variables for enhancing the competitive advantage of SMEs. In contrast, external sources of information have no effects on the SMEs competitive advantage. The originality of this research is to provide a multidimensional framework of the effects of innovation on the competitive position of SMEs.

The emergence of New Public Management (NPM) phenomenon creates a new discourse that attracts the attention of human resource management experts around the world, especially in Indonesia. To address this issue, this study tries to focus on how the performance of local government employees is influenced by several factors; namely, intelligence, leadership, quality of human resources, and NPM itself. The population of this study is government employees in the city of Makassar, Indonesia, and given the huge number, the sampling technique uses purposive sampling. The amount determined referred to the variance-based (or Partial Least Square) Structural Equation Analysis tool and obtained by 100 local government employees. Primary data collected through a questionnaire is processed with the assistant of Smart PLS. The results show that intelligence, leadership, and HR quality had positive and significant ef-fects on NPM. The direct relationship also indicates the significance of constructs on performance, except intelligence, which directly has no significant impact on the performance of government employees. The NPM variable also significantly mediates the indirect effect between variables. This research is expected to enrich the treasury of knowledge in the field of human resource studies, and strategies for implementing the concept of NPM in the government environment.

This paper examines how expert system may negatively or positively influence ethical based decision making process in an organization. Expert system ethical characteristics are chosen; including lack of human intelligence, lack of emotions, accidental bias and lack of values. Depending on quantitative approach; and through distributing a questionnaire on (132) GM, Deputy GM, project manager and officer, it appeared that expert systems' characteristics negatively influenced on the degree of ethics within the organizational setting. According to analysis, it appears that lack of values and human intelligence were among the characteristics that hinder the ethical stream adoption within an organization leading to ethics problems and mal-functioning on the decision making process. On the other hand, lack of emotions appeared to have good impact on the ethical efforts within an organization. Researchers recommended taking extra measures of surveillance in terms of ethics for individuals who are supposed to develop and monitor expert systems.

The main objective of this study was to determine the main policies and procedures related to internal marketing applied at Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University and the degree of employees' satisfaction. The researcher relied on the descriptive analytical method in conducting this study. The study reached several conclusions. Most notably; most of the internal marketing policies and procedures applied at Prince Sattam bin Abdul Aziz University are conducted moderately. The results of the study also showed a statistically significant relationship between the level of the application of marketing policies and procedures at Prince Sattam bin Abdul Aziz University and the level of employees' satisfaction with the application of these policies and procedures. The study concluded to provide a set of recommendations necessary to activate the application of internal marketing policies and procedures at Prince Sattam bin Abdul Aziz University to achieve its employees' satisfaction.

The objective of this research was to study the communication factors affecting the tourism services in Loei, Nong Khai, Bueng Kan, Nakhon Phanom, and Mukdahan provinces of Thai-land. Purposive sampling was applied, and the sample group comprised 300 accommodation business receptionists and package tour sales staff. A questionnaire was used as a tool to collect the data, and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were utilized to analyze the collected data. The findings indicated that the EFA extracted two factors; namely the channel and receiver, which consisted of five variables, and the message and sender, which consisted of five variables that affected the tourism services. Additionally, the results of the CFA showed that the model was consistent with the empirical data (APC=0.90; Average R2= 0.80; GoF = 0.75). The message and sender affected the tourism ser-vices the most, followed by the channel and receiver. Therefore, the relevant agencies and business owners should pay attention to the tourism personnel in terms of message and sender by promoting training and learning to construct understanding in the sent message, be responsible as the sender, and apply the appropriate strategies to send or present the message to the tourism personnel.

This study seeks to explain the impact of strategic capabilities on organizational ambidexteri-ty, in the presence of knowledge management. The study population consists of managers of commercial banks in Jordan. The sample included (200) respondents by distributing the study questionnaires to them, where the returned questionnaires and valid to statistical analysis were (168). Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used as an inferential statistical analysis technique to test the hypotheses of the study. The result of this study referred that knowledge management mediates the relationship between strategic capabilities and organizational ambidexterity. Hence, all dimensions of strategic capabilities (marketing capability, market-linking capability, technology capability, and management capability) have a statistical impact on both knowledge management dimensions (knowledge acquisition, knowledge creation, knowledge application, and knowledge storage) and the dimensions of organizational ambi-dexterity (exploitation and exploration). Therefore, the study recommends managers and decision-makers of commercial banks in Jordan to focus on strategic capabilities that enhance their abilities to identify and acquire opportunities from the business environment by building good relationships with both customers and suppliers. Besides, improving their employees’ capacity to deal with new knowledge and apply it to create novel products and services.

This research represents an empirical investigation of the impact theorized by a laissez fair leadership approach on organizational innovation through studying its effect on administrative and technical innovation. Also, this study probes the role played by organizational structure within this context through further examination to address the mixed results reported in the literature, while contributing to understanding the interplay of these variables within the health services sector. For the purpose of this research, the authors drew on a random sampling technique to gather data from Jordanian hospitals. Data used for this research represents 270 employees working in the Jordanian health sector. Structure equation modelling technique was employed to test the hypothesized relationships. The results indicate positive effect of laissez fair leadership on technical and administrative innovation, similar to organizational structure positive impact. Also, the research results were found to support the notion that organizational structure mediate the relationship between laissez fair leadership and innovation. Finally, implications of this research for practitioners and researchers are formulated.

The positive impact of knowledge management on innovation performance is no longer a mystery. However, the moderating role of knowledge hoarding remains undisclosed. There-fore, the present study aims to explore the moderating role of knowledge hoarding on the ef-fect of knowledge management on innovation performance. On the ground of its design as a descriptive research, a questionnaire-based survey was developed, validated, and administered to a sample of 314 managers chosen from commerce and service organizations. Using multiple regression analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM), the results indicated that knowledge management processes (knowledge acquisition, dissemination, storage, sharing and application) exerted significant effects on innovation performance. Moreover, Knowledge hoarding exerted a significant negative effect on innovation performance. However, the re-sults indicate that knowledge hoarding did not moderate the effect of knowledge management processes on innovation performance. This finding can be explained by the fact that, despite the negative impact of knowledge hoarding on innovation performance, this effect did not af-fect the relationship between knowledge management processes and innovation performance and this may be due to the nature of knowledge hoarded by employees in terms of relevance and scarcity. In the light of these findings, the study recommends that it is necessary to determine whether employees hoard knowledge, and distinguish how important this knowledge is for innovation performance. In fact, this is the contribution of the current study to knowledge management literature.