Synthesis of 1, 2-disubstituted benzimidazoles by reaction of N-substituted benzene-1,2-diamine with different aldehydes was developed. This greener procedure proceeds with the help of oxygen in water at 60oC. The advantages of proposed method are catalyst-free conditions in water, short reaction time and excellent yields.

In this study, a green and practical approach towards Hantzsch dihydropyridine synthesis of acridine-1,8-diones is introduced. Via the mentioned protocol, the one-pot condensation reaction of structurally diverse aromatic aldehydes, dimedone and NH4OAc was promoted by microwave radiation at solvent and catalyst-free conditions. Consequently, acridinedione products were produced in 81‒97% yields within 3‒8 min. The current protocol represents the prominent advantages in terms of the using a simple synthetic procedure, short reaction times, mild reaction conditions, high yield of the products as well as omission of hazardous and cost-effective organic solvents/reagents.

Seafood processing operations generate a high strength wastewater, which contain organic pollutants in soluble, colloidal, particulate form and salt content, up to 30g NaCl/L. This research aimed to study the effect of salt (NaCl) concentration on the treatment efficiency of seafood processing wastewater by the use of a laboratory-scale bioreactor, which is operated in anaerobic combining aerobic system with concentration salt different from 0- 5%. The results showed that the wastewater from seafood processing with the chemical input parameters of pH = 7 - 8.5, COD = 2000 mg / L, total nitrate nitrogen = 150 mg / L, NH⁴⁺ = 90 mg / L, total phosphorus = 50 mg / L, salt content 3% was treated with anaerobic activated sludge content of 8000mg/l, 16HRT and combining an aerobic activated sludge content of 6000mg/l, 6HRT, DO=2-4mgO₂/l with the acclimatization of 7% bacteria Bacillus velezensis at high salinity The parameters output wastewater was treated according to standards QCVN 11-MT:2015/BTNMT (column B).

Five imidazo[1,2-c]pyrimidine and pyrimido[1,6-a]pyrimidine derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their antiproliferative activity and cytotoxicity. Primary bioassays in vitro showed that two of five synthesized compounds, 6-benzyl-8-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dihydroimidazo[1,2-c]pyrimidin-5(3H)-one, and 9-(methylsulfonyl)-7-propyl-2,3,4,7-tetrahydro-6H-pyrimido[1,6-a]pyrimidin-6-one possessed potent antiviral activity against BKV (EC50: 0.66 μM and 0.96, respectively). The selectivity index of these compounds is similar to that of cidofovir. Although antiviral activity was evident in secondary assays, significant virus inhibition occurred at or near the cytotoxic concentration (SI90=1). Here we show that substituted pyrimidine derivatives are a promising structure class of chemical compounds for the development of antiviral drugs against BKV infections. Hence these compounds may be taken as lead compounds for further development of novel antimicrobial and anticancer agents.

[Leu]⁶-aureobasidin K 1 is an analog of AbK, in which aIle residue at the sixth position of AbK is replaced by Leu. [Leu]⁶-AbK 1 was successfully synthesized using a combination of solid- and solution-phase that has a difference with the previous method applied for the synthesis of other aureobasidin analogues, [2S,3S-Hmp]-AbL 2. The linear precursor was prepared by using solid-phase method with Fmoc strategy, in which an ester bond was constructed on the resin. The cyclic product was obtained from a solution-phase reaction of the linear precursor using HATU reagent. The crude of the cyclic peptide was purified using a column chromatography technique to obtain [Leu]⁶-AbK 1 with a percent yield of 5.31% that is higher compared to previous similar method for synthesis of [2S,3S-Hmp]-AbL 2. The purity level of cyclic product was analyzed using analytical RP-HPLC (t_R = 6.49 min) and analysis of structure using ¹H-NMR.

A series of novel 10-phenylsulfonyl-2-substituted-4,10 dihydrobenzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one derivatives obtained from N-sulfonation of 2-substituted-pyrimido[1,2-a]benzimidazol-4(10H)-ones and screened for for their in vitro anti-tuberculosis activities against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv by Microplate Alamar Blue Assay (MABA) method. The structures were established on the basis of their IR, ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR, ESI-MS data and also the compound with 3f were crystallized and analysed by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies.

In this work, the Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@AMBI/Cu nanocatalyst was synthesized and used as a well-organized magnetic nanocatalyst for the click reaction. This nanocatalyst has effectively catalyzed the cyclization of terminal alkynes and sodium azide with aryl iodide/benzyl halide for the formation of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles under mild reaction conditions with good to high yields in low reaction time.

Two heterocyclic Schiff bases namely (E)-2-(1-(2-phenylhydrazono)ethyl)pyridine (or 2-acetyl pyridine phenyl hydrazone) (2APPH) and (E)-2-(1-triazylidineethyl)pyridine (or 2-acetyl pyridine semicarbazone) (2APSC) were synthesized, characterized and their corrosion inhibition behaviour as well as mechanism of inhibition were investigated by different techniques. Structural characterization includes NMR, Mass, IR and UV-visible spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Corrosion inhibition behaviour of aforesaid compounds on mild steel in 1M hydrochloric acid was examined by electrochemical methods including potentiodynamic polarization analysis and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic techniques. The mechanism of corrosion inhibition was explored and supplemented by adsorption and surface morphological studies. Quantum mechanical investigations on corrosion behaviour of compounds were also conducted and satisfying correlation was noticed between the results of corrosion measurement methods and quantum mechanical evaluations.

Indolylimidazole compounds that contain both indole and imidazole rings have shown various biological and pharmacological activities. These indolylimidazole compounds have been synthesized and extracted from the plants. In this paper, we have reviewed biological activities of natural and synthesized indolylimidazoles and their various synthetic methods. In recent time, the substituted indolylimidazole derivatives have synthesized and reported in the presence of different kind of the catalysts such as strong protic acid HNO₃@nano SiO₂, Zn²⁺@KSF and acetic acid and Amberlyst A-15. This review paper is divided into two categories bases on bioactivities of natural and synthesized indolylimidazole derivatives.

O-Acyl substituted derivatives of 3-benzyl-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methyl-1,3-thiazolium chloride which is a structural analog of vitamin B₁ were synthesized and evaluated towards acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase in vitro. The inhibition properties of the O-substituted compounds depend on nature of substituents at position 3 and 5 of the thiazolium ring. Some of the thiazolium salts showed high potency in the inhibition of only one of the two enzymes. The selective effects of these inhibitors are governed by substituent at position 5. Kinetic studies and molecular docking simulation were performed for elucidating mechanisms of enzyme-inhibitor complex formation.