This research aims to examine bank specific, market and regulatory determinants of leverage and capital structure based on a panel data of publicly listed Islamic banks in 12 countries over the peri-od 2008-2017. Apart from testing standard corporate finance parameters using both OLS and M-Estimators, this study adds several idiosyncratic and regulatory environment related determinants of leverage unique to Islamic banks. The significance of potential determinants is tested for market and book leverage as well as newly introduced ‘Islamic banking leverage’. Overall, the results show that Islamic banks with higher growth opportunities, tangibility, low profitability and low risk are likely to have a high leverage. Similarly, the findings suggest important role played by debt market conditions, share of investment accounts and regulatory environment in such decisions, providing an evidence of the significance of trade-off and pecking order theory in capital structure in Islamic banks. The results are more robust for market and Islamic banking leverage, rather than book leverage. The findings offer insights to regulators, standard setters and especially Islamic banks regarding parameters to strengthen their capital, enhance resilience and thus contribute to the stability of relevant financial. This paper is among the few extant studies that focus on listed Islamic banks and tests de-terminants based on stock market data.

The purpose of this paper is to identify the relationship between the determinants of internationalisation and innovation on balanced scorecard (BSC) among Malaysian small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Internationalisation covers the dimensions of knowledge, trust, commitment and opportunity development, which can benefit the firm performance in Malaysia by increasing the involvement of SMEs in international business activities. A sample of 202 firms was considered for this study and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was used. The dimensions of knowledge, trust, commitment and opportunity development were observed to examine the proposed hypotheses. The results indicate that internationalisation as a whole; such as knowledge, trust, commitment and opportunity development played an important role in innovation and balanced scorecard among Ma-laysian SMEs. However, this also can solve the existing myth of a role in the internationalisation on innovation towards a balanced scorecard of SMEs in Malaysia because family businesses are a critical pillar of many Malaysian enterprises. Therefore, this research conveys an understanding to the owners and managers to quickly achieve innovation and balanced scorecard results. Finally, this study brings some conclusions to the policy makers and regulators as well.

Public accountants play important role for development of business activities. Malaysia needs as many as 60,000 qualified accountants in year 2020 but only half of the figure is presently achieved. This paper tries to identify motivational factors influencing on accounting students to become Certified Public Accountant (CPA). The objective of this paper is to analyze the influence of Quality Motivation, Economic Motivation, Social Motivation, Career Motivation influencing on CPA qualification. The method of collecting data is questionnaire by using a sample of 85 students at Management and Science University, Malaysia and Smart PLS is used in analyzing this research. The results indicate a positive influence on quality motivation, social motivation, and career motivation on the interest in taking the CPA while economic motivation has no influence on the interest in taking the CPA in this paper. In other words, the factors describe approximately 89% of the changes of dependent variable (CPA).

The stock prices of mining companies are affected by several factors, such as world oil price, inflation, exchange rate, and Price to Earnings Ratio (PER), political affairs, basic metal prices, etc. The objective of this study is to analyze the effects of some factors influencing the stock prices of the mining companies including Price to Earnings Ratio (PER), world oil price, inflation, and exchange rate. Secondary data from Annual Reports of Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX), Energy Information Administration (EIA), and Bank Indonesia are used as the sources of data analysis. 35 mining companies are selected as samples from four mining sub-sectors; namely coal, oil & gas, other metal & mineral, and rock. The results are analyzed by using panel data regression analysis model through applying EVIEWS 10. The results indicate that Price to Earnings Ratio (PER) and world oil price had positive and significant effects on stock price. Moreover, inflation has negative and significant effect on the stock price while exchange rate has no significant effect on stock price.

This paper investigates the factors influencing on customers’ purchase decision of residential properties in Selangor, Malaysia. The study measures the effects of quality, price, location, promotion and corporate image on purchase decision by distributing some questionnaire among 312 randomly selected residents from some selected destinations at Selangor, Malaysia. Descriptive analysis and multiple regression analysis are used for analyzing the data. The findings reveal that quality, price, location, promotion, and corporate image positively and significantly influence on customers’ purchase decision. The results also indicate that location is the most important factor followed by price, quality, corporate image and promotion plays the smallest role on customers’ purchase intention. The study discusses the results and give constructive suggestions for promoting sales figures.

The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of internal control system and human resource competence on information quality of local government financial statement and financial accountability. The method of collecting data is questionnaire which is distributed among 161 out of 303 population of employees of the Agency (Dinas) in the Government of South Sumatra Province, Indonesia. The collected data is processed by using SPSS 20.00 with t-test and Path Analysis. The result shows that internal control system and human resource competence positively influenced on the information quality of local government financial statement. Internal control system and human resource competence also influence positively on financial accountability both directly and indirectly mediated by the information quality of local government financial statement. Moreover, the information quality of local government financial statement directly and positively influence the financial accountability. The re-sults of this study can be beneficial for the government as input and material considerations in determining policies specifically related to improve the quality of information on government financial statements and financial accountability.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effect of marketing mix on customer loyalty through customer satisfaction in food and beverage products of SMEs in Malaysia. The method of collecting data is by using questionnaire and a sample of 300 customers is used for data gathering. Path analysis and Sobel test are used in analyzing the data. The finding shows that product, promotion, place and price have positive effects on customer satisfaction of food and beverage products SMEs in Malaysia. Product, promotion, place and price give contribution to customer satisfaction about 68.9% while the rest is affected by other variables which are not included in this research. Moreover, customer satisfaction has a positive effect on customer loyalty. The finding also shows that product, promotion, place and price had positive effects on customer loyalty through customer satisfaction of food and beverage products SMEs in Malaysia. Product, promotion, place, price and customer satisfaction influence on customer loyalty about 61.7%.

This study is primarily focused on the effect of total quality management (TQM) on organization performance of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) service sector in Selangor, Malaysia. The four critical elements of TQM; namely customer focus (X1), continuous improvement (X2), strategically based (X3), and total employee involvement (X4) are used as an important factors influencing on organization performance (Y). The necessary data are collected from 350 managers/owners of service sector SMEs in Selangor, Malaysia using some questionnaire. Multiple linear regression analysis is performed in this study by using SPSS 23. All hypotheses are positively fit with the conceptual model and show a positive impact of TQM on organization performance. The research finding indicate that TQM elements; namely customer focus, continuous improvement, strategically based, and total employee involvement have a positive and significant effects on organization performance.

The research aims to highlight the importance of market structure and behavior on Islamic banking performance by using the Structure Conduct Performance (SCP) analysis to approximate the growth of Islamic banking performance in the short and long term using error correction model. The data used in this study is time series obtained from the financial statement of each Islamic bank, Fi-nancial Service Authority and Bank of Indonesia on Islamic banking statistics monthly reported from April, 2015 to October, 2018. Population of this study covers all Islamic commercial banks in Indonesia. The purposive sampling method is used to select samples based on criteria to get samples that are feasible to be analyzed. Error correction model is applied to characterize the joint dynamic of variables in both in the long and short term relationships. The Johansen co-integration results indicate a stable long term relation between market structure and Islamic banking performance. Results show that Market structure variable outside market share of financing in the long term had a significant effect on the Islamic banking performance, but in the short term market structure, the variable had no significant effect on the Islamic banking performance in Indonesia.

This paper analyzes the effects of market orientation and innovation on competitive advantage and business performance. The method of collecting data is a designed questionnaire. The sample size is 150 textile SMEs in Selangor, Malaysia. Path analysis by operating SPSS 20.0 is used in analyzing the research. The result shows that market orientation and innovation had positive and significant effects on competitive advantage, partially. Market orientation and innovation give contributions to the competitive advantage of 46.3% while the rest of 54.7% are influenced by other variables which are not described in this study. Competitive advantage partially has a positive and significant influence on business performance. Market orientation and innovation also have significant effects on business performance both directly and indirectly through competitive advantage. Market orientation, innovation, and competitive advantage give contributions to the business performance of 58.4% while the rest of 41.6% are influenced by others variables which are not described in this study.