Loyalty programs are widely used by organizations as a structured customer relationship management (CRM) tool to build and extend customer-supplier relationship. Although a large number of benefits are offered through them to both companies and consumers, loyalty programs face a set of planning and implementation pitfalls. Scholars or practitioners rarely discuss such pitfalls. Thus, this paper intends to add further values to the current literature by exploring/investigating the main loyalty scheme pitfalls, both theoretically and practically. The study explores a set of loyalty program planning problems and some of the execution’s drawbacks, including clear aim need, loyalty program design, budgeting and experienced employee involvement. In addition to loyalty programs benefits and rewards offered, loyalty programs target customer selection problems using loyalty program promotional tools. For the study, 161 managers and employees who were involved in loyalty program planning and execution were surveyed. Smart-PLS was used to test the developed model and hypotheses. The study found that all studied loyalty program elements identified affected their planning and implementation. However, some of these elements where seen important to be considered when planning loyalty schemes, such schemes’ benefits and rewards offered were still not planned properly and did not meet customer needs or even expectations and, in most cases, the loyalty programs’ aims were not clear to all their stakeholders. The paper also provides additional discussion about additional issues of loyalty schemes planning and execution problems and proposes a set of solutions and recommendations, which might highlight some of the future venues with this regard.

Smart contracts offer automation for various decentralized applications but suffer from vulnerabilities that cause financial losses. Detecting vulnerabilities is critical to safeguarding decentralized applications before deployment. Automatic detection is more efficient than manual auditing of large codebases. Machine learning (ML) has emerged as a suitable technique for vulnerability detection. However, a systematic literature review (SLR) of ML models is lacking, making it difficult to identify research gaps. No published systematic review exists for ML approaches to smart contract vulnerability detection. This research focuses on ML-driven detection mechanisms from various databases. 46 studies were selected and reviewed based on keywords. The contributions address three research questions: vulnerability identification, machine learning model approaches, and data sources. In addition to highlighting gaps that require further investigation, the drawbacks of machine learning are discussed. This study lays the groundwork for improving ML solutions by mapping technical challenges and future directions.

This study aims to examine the complex dynamics of short video marketing, social sharing, and consumer engagement specifically within the tourism sector in Jordan. The study used AMOS software for analysis, gathering data from a total of 468 participants, including both internal and external tourists. The results emphasize the significant impact of short video marketing in stimulating social sharing behaviors among travelers, prompting them to share their experiences on various social platforms, thus expanding the reach of tourism-related content. Moreover, the research reveals the mutual relationship between social sharing and consumer engagement, indicating that sharing behaviors play a crucial role in increasing levels of engagement among tourists. The novelty of this research resides in its concentrated investigation of these associations within the unique context of the Jordanian tourism sector. The study's significance lies in its ability to expand comprehension of digital marketing dynamics in the tourism industry, providing practical insights for marketers seeking to improve brand visibility and engagement in digital spaces. This study enhances the current knowledge base by employing a quantitative approach, establishes a basis for future research endeavors, and offers valuable insights for marketers aiming to maximize the effectiveness of digital marketing strategies.

In the dynamic realm of facility management in the UAE, this study investigates the uptake of digital facility management systems among managers operating locally. The study aims to uncover the influential factors affecting technology acceptance within this sector. Its primary objective is to identify and understand the determinants that impact the adoption of these systems, utilizing a structured framework to analyze influential factors and their implications. The initial phase involves a systematic review to reveal trends in integrating digital technologies, focusing specifically on digital twin technology. Subsequently, quantitative surveys are conducted with 407 facility managers, guided by the UTAUT framework, employing statistical analyses to pinpoint key factors. Notably, Effort Expectancy and Performance Expectancy emerge as significant influencers, particularly influenced by the managerial level. This study provides detailed insights into the nuanced factors that drive acceptance, emphasizing the crucial role of constructs like Performance Expectancy and Effort Expectancy moderated by managerial level, shaping Behavioral Intention and Use Behavior. These findings offer practical implications for devising strategies to encourage the adoption of Digital Facility Management Systems in the UAE, laying the groundwork for future research and industry advancements.

This research focuses on the consumer cyborg's engagement with social media, online shopping, and tourism activities. The objective is to explore the effect of narcissism, social media addiction, and self-esteem on online shopping and tourism addiction. The survey involved 221 participants chosen through the convenient sampling method. The data was processed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation models. The findings of this study indicate that narcissism significantly influences social media addiction and self-esteem. Besides, social media addiction has a considerable effect on self-esteem. In addition, self-esteem significantly impacts both online shopping addiction and tourism addiction. These findings provide new insights into cyborg marketing and consumer addiction theory.

The practical application of business data analytics in human resource (HR) management activities is still limited and underutilized. The primary reason for this is the requirement for more analytical skills, which can be acquired through data literacy. These skills are necessary to ensure obtaining the potential benefits of human resource analytics linked to desired positive employee outcomes, such as fostering innovative behavior. To address this issue, this quantitative study has been conducted to delve into the prospective moderating role of data literacy in the interaction between human resource analytics and employees’ innovative behavior. The core objective of this study is to examine whether human resource professionals’ data literacy level significantly impacts the correlation between human resource analytics and the inclination of employees towards innovative behavior. A sample of 250 HR specialists from large companies in Jordan has been used to address this inquiry. A correlational-predictive design has been used in this study. Regression analysis using the SPSS macro-PROCESS software has been utilized to address the study hypotheses. The study reveals a positive connection between HR analytics and employees’ innovative behavior. Moreover, it uncovers a noteworthy moderating influence of data literacy on this association. These findings suggest that heightened data analysis proficiency among HR professionals amplifies the potential benefits derived from analytics, thereby enhancing employees’ innovative capabilities. As a result, the research suggests that companies upgrade their technical infrastructure for HR functions and concurrently utilize data analytics for informed HR decisions. Further, these insights do serve as necessary inputs in understanding HR analytics and their implications for prudent business strategy. In view of this dynamic nature of HR analytics, the contributions made by the study are immensely valuable; hence, further exploration is needed to fill in gaps within existing knowledge.

This qualitative study examined the impact of social media characteristics on the attitude of users toward the use of e-services by the Department of Lands and Survey. The study population comprised users of Department of Lands and Survey e-service, while the study sample comprised 407 users. Data from respondents were analyzed using SEM run using Amos (23). Results showed reliability, security, website design, ease of use, awareness, and digital divide as direct significant antecedents of user attitude toward the use of e-services from the Department of Lands and Survey. Also, all antecedents showed direct significant relationships with user attitude. Results showed a direct significant relationship between user attitude and the use of e-services from the Department of Lands and Survey. Through mediation of user attitude, five indirect significant relationships between the antecedents and the use of e-services from the Department of Lands and Survey were found. The inclusion of new antecedents such as privacy and site content may enhance the understanding of how users use e-services provided by the Department of Lands and Survey.

The world of the Internet of Things (IoT), even though it is continuously morphing as a fresh paradigm at the intersection of technology and education, is still struggling with several difficulties that prevent its absorption into the e-learning platforms of higher education institutions (HEIs). The breadth of Internet of Things implementation in developing countries, particularly Jordan, Malaysia, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, and Bangladesh, remains behind, even though industrialized nations have made significant advancements in their utilization of IoT, with the United Kingdom, the United States of America, China, and Japan acting as prominent examples. In the realm of research that focuses on the progression of the IOT integration into the e-learning systems of economically challenged countries, there is a substantial disparity. In particular, the focus of this research is on Jordan to shed light on the primary variables that are either facilitating or hindering the adoption of the IoT within the e-learning sector of Jordan's HEIs. A comprehensive analysis of previous research has been undertaken as a first stage in this investigation. The goal of this analysis is to identify important factors that are involved in the process of IOT adoption. Following that, we used an inferential technique, collecting data from 306 respondents who were enrolled in Jordanian higher education institutions. During our investigation, we discovered that the rate of the IOT integration was significantly influenced by factors such as accessibility, usability, technical assistance, and individual capabilities. In addition, our findings suggest that factors such as attitude, behavior, financial preparedness, dependability, and training have a substantial impact on the adoption of the IOT. On the other hand, the study seemed to indicate that characteristics such as class capacity, awareness, system resources, and course design had a minor influence on the adoption rates inside HEIs. In conclusion, this study provides tangible suggestions to strengthen the integration of the IoT inside Jordanian HEIs. These recommendations provide significant insights that can be used by policy architects, government entities, and higher education institutions to overcome the challenges that relate to the deployment of IoT in the higher learning sector.

Arabic handwritten script recognition presents an energetic area of study. These types of recognitions face several obstacles, such as vast open databases, boundless diversity in individuals' penmanship, and freestyle writing. Thus, Arabic handwriting requires effective techniques to achieve better recognition results. On the other hand, Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) is one of the most common Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) which deals with various problems efficiently. Therefore, this study introduces a new technique called Block Density and Location Feature (BDLF) with MLP, namely BDLF-MLP, which aims to extract novel features from letter images and estimate the letter's pixel density and its location for each equal-sized block in the image. In other words, BDLF-MLP can deal with various styles of Arabic handwritten, such as overlapping letters. The BDLF-MLP starts with the Block Feature Extraction (BFE) of the image by dividing the image into sixteen parts. After that, it calculates the density and location of each block (i.e., BDLF) by finding the sum of all values inside blocks. Finally, it determines the position of the greatest pixel density to obtain better recognition accuracy. The dataset containing 720 images is used to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed technique. Also, 1440 letters are used for training and testing divided evenly between them. The experiment results illustrate that BDLF-MLP outperformed the other algorithms in the literature with an accuracy of 97.26 %.

This study investigates the relationship between business intelligence adoption (Business Intelligence (BI), Data Analysis and Reporting (DAR), Business Process Integration (BPI), and Continuous Improvement and Innovation (CII)) and marketing effectiveness in the Jordanian telecom industry. It specifically examines the mediating role of customer satisfaction in this relationship. A survey design method using the cross-sectional survey was utilized during the research process, involving quantification. The data was collected from 285 employees across the Jordanian telecom sector via electronic response forms. As the analysis's method, the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was utilized. The results, which showed BI, DAR and CII to have a positive direct effect on marketing effectiveness, whilst BPI displayed a negative direct impact, were compelling. But clear signs of positive influence on CS by the four dimensions of BI (BI, DAR, BPI, and CII) have also been observed, and this result has been proved to be a mediator between them and business effectiveness. The above study is a source of invaluable learning for the managers of telecom companies in Jordan is a tool that managers in the Jordanian telecom industry will greatly benefit from in the sense that it brings out all the importance of integrating BI, DAR, BPI, and CII practices that emphasize high quality customer service. By properly utilizing these assets and up-to-the-market, companies can improve the effectiveness of marketing and the whole organizational efficiency. The study enhances the existing theory of the interrelationships between the adoption of business intelligence, customer satisfaction, and marketing power which can be viewed from both resource-based view (RBV) theory and expectation-based theory (EDT). It affirms an idea that the RBV was rooted in that when organizational assets are valuable, firms have a competitive advantage and better performance. Also, an EDT states that customer satisfaction increases if the expectations of customers are met. Innovation - The essay is innovative and takes an original angle to explore the multifaceted interconnectivity among business intelligence adoption, customer satisfaction, and marketing effectiveness in the framework of the Jordanian telecom industry. It highlights the steps to customer satisfaction problem solutions and the caution comes with process integration efforts, hence, helping to arrive at a full comprehension of the aspirations for organizational performance in the field.