A series of (E)-1-methyl-3-((substituted phenylimino)methyl)quinolin-2(¹H)-one schiff bases (3a-j) bearing quinoline moiety synthesized successfully in ethanol by condensation of starting material 1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carbaldehyde (1) with various substituted anilines (2a-j). The structure of the newly synthesized compounds was confirmed by proton (¹H) and carbon (¹³C) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Fourier transformation infrared (FT-IR), Mass spectroscopic study and elemental analysis. The in-vitro antimicrobial activity of the synthesized compounds was undertaken by agar well diffusion method against gram positive bacteria (Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus cereus) gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Acetobactor sp.) and antifungal activity against (Aspergillus Flavus and Pichnanomala). Further the compounds which shows good activity (3b, 3c, 3d, 3f, 3g and 3j) are screened for in-vitro antitubercular activity by Micro-plate alamar blue assay (MABA) method against mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv strain provided important information about activity against these strains. The structure activities of the synthesized compounds were also discussed. Compounds 3a, 3c, 3d, 3f and 3g show good argument with the different substituent attached to the phenyl ring.

In the present work, Zn, Cu monometallic and bimetallic nanoparticles were synthesized using leaves extract of Borassus flabellifer. Plant extract acts as both surfactant and reducing agent. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterised by UV-Vis, XRD, FESEM, EDX, and HRTEM techniques. UV-Vis spectroscopy is used to monitor the synthesis of nanoparticles. XRD technique was used to confirm the amorphous nature of nanoparticles. The FESEM images demonstrate that the shape of the nanoparticles such as Zn monometallic (pseudo-spherical), Cu monometallic (rod), Zn-Cu bimetallic are (pseudo-spherical and rod-shaped). HRTEM images show the approximate size of the Zn, Cu monometallic and Zn-Cu bimetallic nanoparticles is 3.0 nm, 3.52 nm and 2.2 nm respectively. EDX spectra confirm the presence of Zn, Cu and O in the sample. Synthesized Zn, Cu monometallic nanoparticles, and Zn-Cu bimetallic nanoparticles were used to evaluate their possible antimicrobial, antidiabetic and antioxidant properties. Bimetallic nanoparticles displayed higher antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antimicrobial properties in the comparison of monometallic nanoparticles. The results suggest that Zn-Cu bimetallic nanoparticles have greater potential than monometallic nanoparticles.

Nanomaterials have attracted a great deal of attention from the scientific community due to their unique properties and applications. The small size metal oxides have opened up the door for intensive research to utilize their properties for biomedical applications. Silver nanoparticle (AgNPs) and metal oxide nanomaterials like MgO, ZnO, NiO and its silver doped nanocomposites (Ag-MgO, Ag-ZnO, Ag-NiO) have been prepared using solid state combustion method using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a fuel. The structure of as prepared oxides and its silver doped nanocomposites were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) tool and morphology by Scanning Electron Micrograph (SEM) tool as well as Transmission electron micrograph tool respectively. Presence of the metals in the oxides and its Ag composite was confirmed by the EDX pattern. Bonding nature in the composite is well studied by the Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) tool. Antibacterial activity studies of the nanocomposites are carried out against various bacteria.

Fused pyrimidines play an imperative role in our life due to their biological importance in the struggle of microorganisms. A series of 4-aryl-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-d] thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine (4a-j) were synthesized by cyclization of 3-methyl-1-phenyl-4-aryl-1,4,5,7-tetrahydro-6H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-6-thiones (3a-j) with 1,2-dibromoethane in presence of anhydrous potassium carbonate. Earlier, compounds (3a-j) were synthesized by the condensation of 5-methyl-2-phenyl-2,4-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one (2), different substituted benzaldehyde and thiourea with catalytic amount of con. HCl in methanol. Compound 2 was synthesized by condensation of ethyl acetoacetate (1) and phenylhydrezine in presence of a catalytic amount of acetic acid at reflux temperature. The constitution of the synthesized products has been characterized by using elemental analysis, Infrared, ¹H-NMR spectroscopy and further supported by Mass spectroscopy. All the products have been screened for their in-vitro biological assay like antibacterial and antifungal activity at concentration of 500 μg/ml. It was exposed that most of the compounds displayed inspiring antibacterial and antifungal activity compared to the used reference standard.

New Product Development Process (NPD) is a key aspect of launching new and innovative products in the market. Many products fail in the market because of technical risks, financial risks and product development time risks. It is very important to understand the overall risk factors associated with different stages of product development so that risks can be mitigated effectively. This paper presents a methodology to understand the risk associated with the initial stages of NPD. Design flexibility is higher in initial design stages requiring minimum redesign efforts and costs. It is a great opportunity to deal with risk factors and uncertainties in initial design stages than the later design stages. Product development costs in initial stages are around 5 to 10 percent but impact is 70 to 80 percent so exploration assessment in initial stages of NPD can be hugely beneficial. Stage-wise risk assessment will also provide the details of risk associated with each stage, which will be helpful in implementing appropriate mitigation strategies. Since transition from one stage to another stage of NPD is independent of the previous stage, different NPD stages can be easily expressed by the transition state of the Markov process. In this paper, the Markov process has been used for the risk assessment of initial stages of NPD, keeping mitigation strategies in mind. The three initial stages of NPD considered in this study include the concept design, detailed design and integration & testing stages. This paper also explores a method by integration of quality function deployment (QFD) and Markov process, to understand risk patterns associated with several complete design solutions (CFDs). By using QFD, the mapping between customer requirements can be reflected into risk assessment of complete design solutions (CFDs). This methodology has been demonstrated by a case study on Coffee Maker.

Connection designs are established to ensure the stability of joined cut sections, the joints so designed should be based on the optimal performance as per the requirements. The connection joints so established should not be based on just strength but reliability and durability as well. This study focuses on tackling one of the major issues faced when using Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymers (GFRPs) as construction materials, which is based on the abrupt failure of the material under critical or maximum loading. Connection designs are established in GFRP short column H-sections based on Bolted Splicing connections by Eurocode 3 for steel splicing connections. A total of seven Connection designs are established using bearing and non-bearing splicing connections. A total of five models for each connection is established for manual testing and Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is used to simulate and analyze these connection designs. Parameters such as ultimate load, displacement at ultimate load, stiffness, compressive strength, failure mode, load versus displacement behavior graph, and percentage compressive strength compared to the un-cut section are provided in this study. The strongest specimen in this study displaced 128% and 127.7% compressive strength compared to an un-cut GFRP H-section when tested using manual testing and FEA accordingly.

Metals play a crucial role in the metabolic pathways during the growth of vegetable plants. The presence of heavy metals or trace metals also takes a vital role in the nutrient quality of a vegetable. The vegetables are an inevitable part of the human diet and provide essential nutrients to maintain the normal functioning of human health and growth. The application of fertilizers and pesticides facilitates the accumulation of heavy metals by the vegetables grown in the fields. Consumption of heavy metals beyond the permissible limit along with vegetables may impact human health. Moreover, the production of nutritious food and its safety is an important aspect of the measure of any nation’s economy. Considering all these points, the present work was undertaken to analyze the heavy metal contents in the six mostly produced and consumed vegetables grown in Bodoland Territorial Region (BTR), a tribal-dominated region of the state Assam, India. The vegetables analyzed were fern leaves (Diplazium esculentum), jute leaves (Corchorus olitorius), green arum leaves (Colocasia esculenta), pointed gourd (Trichosanthes dioica), yard long bean (Vigna unguiculata ssp. Sesquipedalis) and spiny gourd (Momordica dioica). The metals analyzed were Cu, Fe, Ni, and Zn. The presence of heavy metals was detected in all the vegetable samples.

Application of the Molecular Electron Density Theory (MEDT) for the exploration of the [3+2] cycloaddition processes between methyl propynoate 1 and difluoromethyldiazomethane T-1, have been implemented using the DFT/B3LYP/6-311(d,p) level of theory. According to an examination of conceptual DFT indices, difluoromethyldiazomethane (T-1) participates in this reaction as a nucleophile, while methyl propynoate (1) should be considered as an electrophile. This cyclization is regiospecific, as evidenced by the activation and reaction energies, this agrees with the experiment's findings. It was discovered throughout ELF analysis that analyzed [3+2] cycloaddition is realised by a two-step mechanism. In addition, study of interactions of the products studied in this paper with the protein protease Covid-19 (PDB ID: 7R98) were carried out, by means of molecular docking study). The results indicate that the occurrence of the transfer of the proton to the nitrogen atom, increases the affinity of these products to the protein (CA32-F1 and CA32-F2).

In this communication, condensation from different aromatic, aliphatic and heteroaromatic aldehydes, hydroxyl amine, and sodium azide in toluene reflux was used to produce electronically and structurally distinct tetrazoles with a range of yields 5-94%. Zn(OAc)2•2H2O (10 mol%) was used as a catalyst in the synthesis, which was eco-friendly, readily available, and affordable. The IR, NMR, and mass spectral studies were utilized in order to carry out a comprehensive characterization for all the 5-aryl tetrazole derivatives. This approach contributes to the current chemical synthesis of 5-substituted-1H-tetrazoles in an appealing and convenient manner thanks to its quick reaction times, good to exceptional yields, safe process, and straightforward workup.

Uncertainty is an important factor in the decision-making process. Hesitant Pythagorean fuzzy sets (HPFS), a combination of Pythagorean and hesitant fuzzy sets, proved as a significant tool to handle uncertainty. Well-defined operational laws and attribute weights play an important role in decision-making. Thus, the paper aims to develop new Trigonometric Operational Laws, a weight determination method, and a novel score function for group decision-making (GDM) problems in the HPF environment. The approach is presented in three phases. The first phase defines new operational laws with sine trigonometric function incorporating its special properties like periodicity, symmetricity, and restricted range hence compared with previously defined aggregation operators they are more likely to satisfy the decision maker preferences. Properties of trigonometric operational laws (TOL) are studied and various aggregation operators are defined. To measure the relationship between arguments, the operators are combined with the Generalized Heronian Mean operator. The flexibility of operators is increased by the use of a real parameter λ to express the risk preference of experts. The second phase defines a novel weight determination method, which separately considers the membership and non-membership degrees hence reducing the information loss and the third phase conquers the shortcomings of previously defined score functions by defining a novel score function in HPFS. To further increase the flexibility of defined operators they are extended in the environment with unknown or incomplete attribute weights. The effectiveness of the GDM model is verified with the help of a supplier selection problem. A detailed comparative analysis demonstrates the superiority, and sensitivity analysis verifies the stability of the proposed approach.