The new fully substituted (1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)acetic acids were synthesized from available precursors (1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)ethanones and 1Н-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxylic acids, which are easily prepared by the Dimroth reaction from azides and 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds. The practical methods of homologization (the Arndt–Eistert reaction and homologization as a result of nucleophilic substitution by cyanide anion) and the Willgerodt-Kindler reaction were compared. The Willgerodt-Kindler method starting from (5-methyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)ethanones was selected as the most convenient method for the synthesis of 2-(1-aryl-5-methyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)acetic acids, which are promising building blocks for drug discovery. Additionally, (1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)ethanones were studied for the synthesis of alcohols, amines and in the Johnson–Corey–Chaykovsky reaction.

The corrosion inhibition efficiency of the Schiff base N,N’-(5,5-dimethylcyclohexane-1,3-diylidene)dianiline (DmChDa) on mild steel in 1M HCl and 0.5M H₂SO₄ was evaluated using gravimetric, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical noise measurement. Experimental results established that DmChDa possess relatively high corrosion inhibition capacity. Langmuir and El-Awady adsorption isotherms were obeyed by the Schiff base in 1M HCl and 0.5M H₂SO₄ respectively. SEM analysis showed that DmChDa was adsorbed on the steel surface during corrosion inhibition. The variation of metal dissolution with temperature was also examined using gravimetric study.

Based on paralyzed and death time, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) were preliminarily investigated for possible biological effectiveness of anthelmintic activity on Pheretima Posthuma. After synthesizing ZnO NPs by low-temperature precipitation method with slight modification, size, morphology, and shape evaluation of these nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and annealing temperature in the range 400-700C. In this anthelmintic assay, the paralyzed time (PT) was gradually shorter with the increase of the sample concentration, for instance, when high concentration (40mg/ml) sample was applied on adult worms the paralyzed time was 35.6 minutes only. The death time (DT) was 450 and 80 minutes when the sample concentration was 20 and 40 mg/ml respectively. These results were compared with albendazole as a reference showed PT and DT 378.6 and 402.3 minutes respectively, and showed maximum dose-dependent anthelmintic activity. Finally, at higher concentration paralytic effect (PE) was showed much earlier and subsequently, it is important to note that the time taken for death observation was shorter.

Gold and silver nanoparticles are easily synthesized and the most effective nanostructures in clinical practice. Their optical properties, ease of synthesis, colloidal stability and the ability to form any surface for easier conjugation with biological particles, the ability to individual multiple use, make them especially important in oncology. Gold and silver nanoparticles are capable of providing targeted drug delivery, which depends on the photothermal, photodynamic, and antiangiogenic properties of the metal. Due to their exceptional properties, these nanoparticles are considered as a potential tool for the diagnosis of various types of cancer and drug delivery. The non-toxic and non-immunogenic nature of gold and silver nanoparticles, as well as their high permeability and retention effect, provide additional advantages, allowing drugs to easily penetrate and accumulate at tumor sites. The effectiveness of precious metal nanoparticles as radiosensitizers, dose enhancers and contrast agents is gaining increasing recognition. An important problem associated with the use of biogenic metal nanoparticles is the study of their genotoxicity, since they play an important role in the initiation and progression of abnormalities, including genetic ones.

A new method for the direct oxidation of aromatic amines to azobenzenes employing aqueous tertiary-butyl hydrogen peroxide and potassium tertiary butoxide as an oxidant and base, respectively is described. The desired products are obtained in good yields. The developed protocol is associated with certain advantages for example free from any metal oxidants.

To generate a new class of scaffolds with amended anti-microbial potency, synthesis and in vitro biological evaluation of a series of 2-((5-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)methylthio)-5-substitutedphenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole (5a-5o) having S-Methylene linkage between the two 1,3,4-diisoxazole rings is reported. Anti-microbial properties of the entire compounds were investigated in a broad panel of some selected gram-positive bacterial strains, gram-negative bacterial strain, and fungal strains using the broth microdilution method. The results were dominant on –Cl and –NO₂ functionality than the used standard drug.

Past researches on 4-thiazolidinone nucleus have revealed the prominent potential of derivatives containing this nucleus to be developed as a potent therapeutic agent. Because of these biological activities, their structure-activity relationship has created an interest for medicinal chemists leading to the discovery of a number of lead molecules. This review highlights the routes for its synthesis and summarizes the past and recent studies on its biological activities to guide the medicinal chemists working on this nucleus in the development of clinically viable drugs.

Indole is a hazardous substance existing in the curl oil, which released to the environment by various industrial activities; thus, decreasing its ratio from nature seems to be essential. In this study, a facial pathway for loading Cu(II) particles on MCM-41 mesoporous material was introduced as an efficient catalyst for indole oxidation. The obtained catalyst was characterized by XRD, FESEM, EDS, TEM and BET/BJH techniques. Based on Taguchi method, indole oxidation via prepared catalyst at mild condition was evaluated. By applying this method, the operating factors including Indole initial concentration (mg/L), pH value and the mass of catalyst (g) were optimized. It was found that pH plays the most crucial role in indole oxidation, on the other word, in alkaline environment; indole oxidation was happened with higher yield.

The regioselectivity of the [3+2] cycloaddition reactions between benzonitrile N-oxide as three-atom component and two series of para-substituted β-nitrostyrene analogues was analysed in the framework of
a Molecular Electron Density Theory. All of the considered processes were found to be initiated by the attack of the most nucleophilic oxygen atom in the benzonitrile N-oxide on the most electrophilic carbon atom (C_α) in the nitroalkenes. This type of interaction favours the formation of 4-nitro-substituted
Δ²-isoxazolines.

New series of mononuclear octahedral Ru(III) complexes of general formula [RuL^1-3Cl]Cl₂ (1-3) where L = dianion of Schiff bases namely: 2,2'-(((1E,1'E)-thiophene-2,5-diylbis(methaneylylidene))bis(azaneylylidene))diphenol (H₂L¹), 2,2'-(((1E,1'E)-thiophene-2,5-diylbis(methaneylylidene))bis(azaneylylidene))dibenzenethiol (H2L2) and 2,2'-(((1E,1'E)-thiophene-2,5-diylbis(methaneylyli-dene))bis(azaneylyli-dene))-dibenzoic acid (H₂L³), respectively are synthesized and characterized by different physico-chemical techniques. The results of interaction of complexes with CT-DNA supported that, the Ru (III) complexes bind to DNA via an intercalative mode. The interaction has also been investigated by gel electrophoresis. Interestingly, it was found that all Ru(III) complexes cleave super coiled (SC) pUC19 plasmid DNA efficiently in the absence of an external agent. Further, the antiproliferative activity of the complexes on Human Cervical Cancer Cells (HeLa) and Human Breast Cancer Cells (MCF-7) were evaluated by MTT assay, which revealed that, all the complexes showed more intense inhibition against HeLa and MCF-7 cell lines, particularly Ru(III) complex (3) attenuated the strongest proliferation, allowing its use as chemotherapeutic agent for cancer treatment.