1. El-Sherief H.A.M., Youssif B.G.M., Bukhari S.N.A., Abdel-Aziz M., Abdel-Rahman H.M. (2018) Novel 1,2,4-triazole derivatives as potential anticancer agents: Design, synthesis, molecular docking and mechanistic studies. Bioorg. Chem., 76 314-325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioorg.2017.12.013
2. Amin N.H., El-Saadi M.T., Ibrahim A.A., Abdel-Rahman H.M. (2021) Design, synthesis and mechanistic study of new 1,2,4-triazole derivatives as antimicrobial agents. Bioorg. Chem., 111 104841. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104841
3. Bitla S., Gayatri A.A., Puchakayala M.R., Bhukya V.K., Vannada J., Dhanavath R., Kuthati B., Kothula D., Sagurthi S.R., Atcha K.R. (2021) Design and synthesis, biological evaluation of bis-(1,2,3- and 1,2,4)-triazole derivatives as potential antimicrobial and antifungal agents. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 41 128004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128004
4. Wen Y., Lun S., Jiao Y., Zhang W., Hu T., Liu T., Yang F., Tang J., Zhang B., Bishai W.R., Yu L.-F. (2024) Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives as potent antitubercular agents. Chin. Chem. Lett., 35(3) 108464. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108464
5. Pone K.B., Dalhatou S., Paumo H.K., Katata-Seru L.M., Ferreira E.I. (2022) Triazole-containing heterocycles: Privileged scaffolds in anti-Trypanosoma Cruzi drug development. Curr. Drug Targets, 23(1) 33-59. https://doi.org/10.2174/1389450122666210412125643
6. Simurova N.V., Maiboroda O.I. (2021) Antiviral activity of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives (microreview). Chem. Heterocycl. Compd., 57 420-422. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10593-021-02919-1
7. Hamoud M.M.S., Osman N.A., Rezq S., Abd El-Wahab H.A.A., Hassan A.E.A., Abdel-Fattah H.A., Romero D.G., Chanim A.M. (2022) Design and synthesis of novel 1,3,4-oxadiazole and 1,2,4-triazole derivatives as cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Bioorg. Chem., 124 105808. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105808
8. Beyzaei H., Kudeyani M.G., Delarami H.S., Aryan R. (2020) Synthesis, antimicrobial and antioxidant evaluation, and molecular docking study of 4,5-disubstituted 1,2,4-triazole-3-thiones. J. Mol. Struct., 1215 128273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128273
9. Lingappa M., Guruswamy V., Bantal V. (2021) Synthesis and characterization of 4-amino-4H-1,2,4-triazole derivatives: Anticonvulsant activity. Curr. Chem. Lett., 10(1) 33-42. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.ccl.2020.7.002
10. Aggarwal R., Sumran G. (2020) An insight on medicinal attributes of 1,2,4-triazoles. Eur. J. Med. Chem., 205 112652. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112652
11. El-Naggar M., Sallam H.A., Shaban S.S., Abdel-Wahab S.S., Amr A.E.-G.E., Azab M.E., Nossier E., Al-Omar M.A. (2019) Design, synthesis, and molecular docking study of novel heterocycles incorporating 1,3,4-thiadiazole moiety as potential antimicrobial and anticancer agents. Molecules, 24(6) 1066. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24061066
12. Omar M., Abdel-Moty S.G., Abdu-Allah H.H.M. (2020) Further insight into the dual COX-2 and 15-LOX anti-inflammatory activity of 1,3,4-thiadiazole-thiazolidinone hybrids: The contribution of the substituents at 5th positions is size dependent. Bioorg. Chem., 97 103657. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103657
13. Türk S., Karakuş S., Maryam A., Oruç-Emre E.E. (2020) Synthesis, characterization, antituberculosis activity and computational studies on novel Schiff bases of 1,3,4- thiadiazole derivatives. J. Res. Pharm., 24(6) 793-800. https://doi.org/10.35333/jrp.2020.232
14. Mohamed A.E., Elgammal W.E., Dawaba A.M., Ibrahim A.G., Fouda A., Hassan S.S. (2022) A novel 1,3,4-thiadiazole modified chitosan: synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial activity, and release study from film dressings. Appl. Biol. Chem., 65 54. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13765-022-00725-7
15. Chen M., Duan W.-G., Lin G.-S., Fan Z.-T., Wang X. (2021) Synthesis, antifungal activity, and 3D-QSAR study of novel nopol-derived 1,3,4-thiadiazole-thiourea compounds. Molecules, 26(6) 1708. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26061708
16. Serban G. (2020) Synthetic compounds with 2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole moiety against viral infections. Molecules, 25(4) 942. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25040942
17. Lelyukh M., Halevych H., Zhukrovska M., Semiion-Luchyshyn O., Kalytovska M. (2023) Synthesis of 5-aryl/heterylidene substituted 2-imino-4-thiazolidinones possessing 1,3,4-thiadiazole moiety and their antitrypanosomal activity. Curr. Chem. Lett., 12(2) 413-420. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.ccl.2022.11.005
18. Lelyukh M., Matiichuk Yu., Flud V., Chaban I., Ogurtsov V. (2022) Synthesis and antioxidant properties of novel 2-(2,4-dioxothiazolidin-5-ylidene)-acetamides containing 1,3,4-thia/oxadiazole moieties. Biointerface Res. Appl. Chem., 12(5) 6710-6722. https://doi.org/10.33263/BRIAC125.67106722
19. Gummidi L., Kerru N., Ebenezer O., Awolade P., Sanni O., Islam MdS., Singh P. (2021) Multicomponent reaction for the synthesis of new 1,3,4-thiadiazole-thiazolidine-4-one molecular hybrids as promising antidiabetic agents through α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition. Bioorg. Chem., 115 105210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105210
20. Toolabi M., Khoramjouy M., Aghcheli A., Ayati A., Moghimi S., Firoozpour L., Shahhosseini S., Shojaei R., Asadipour A., Divsalar K., Faizi M., Foroumadi A. (2020) Synthesis and radioligand-binding assay of 2,5-disubstituted thiadiazoles and evaluation of their anticonvulsant activities. Arch. Pharm., 353(12) 2000066. https://doi.org/10.1002/ardp.202000066
21. Anthwal T., Paliwal S., Nain S. (2022) Diverse biological activities of 1,3,4-thiadiazole scaffold. Chemistry, 4(4) 1654-1671. https://doi.org/10.3390/chemistry4040107
22. Han X., Yu Y.L., Hu Y.S., Liu X.H. (2021) 1,3,4-Thiadiazole: A privileged scaffold for drug design and development. Curr. Top. Med. Chem., 21(28) 2546-2573. https://doi.org/10.2174/1568026621666211111154342
23. Lelyukh M., Adamchuk S., Harkov S., Chaban I., Demchuk I., Shelepeten L., Chaban T. (2018) Synthetic approaches, chemical modification and biological activity of non-condensed 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives: A review. Pharmacia, 65(4) 72-88.
24. Bujji S., Edigi P.K., Subhashini N.J.P. (2020) Synthesis and evaluation of novel 1,2,4-triazolo-[3,4-b]-1,3,4-thiadiazole tethered chalcone hybrids as potential anticancer agents. J. Heterocycl. Chem., 57(9) 3318-3325. https://doi.org/10.1002/jhet.4047
25. Mohamed A.E., Elgammal W.E., Dawaba A.M., Ibrahim A.G., Fouda A., Hassan S.S. (2022) A novel 1,3,4-thiadiazole modified chitosan: synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial activity, and release study from film dressings. Appl. Biol. Chem., 65 54. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13765-022-00725-7
26. Abdelhameed R.M., El-Sayed H.A., El-Shahat M., El-Sayed A.A., Darwesh O.M. (2018) Novel triazolothiadiazole and triazolothiadiazine derivatives containing pyridine moiety: Design, synthesis, bactericidal and fungicidal activities. Curr. Bioact. Compd., 14(2) 169-179. https://doi.org/10.2174/1573407213666170127095158
27. Al-Wahaibi L.H., Akilandeswari G., Anusha R., Al-Shaalan N.H., Alkmali O.M., El-Emam A.A., Percino J.M., Thamotharan S. (2019) Insights into the nature of weak noncovalent interactions in 3-(4-fluorophenyl)-6-(2-fluorophenyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole, a potential bioactive agent: X-ray, QTAIM and molecular docking analysis. J. Mol. Struct., 1183 331-341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.01.106
28. Tozkoparan B., Pery Aytac S., Gursoy S., Gunal S., Aktay G. (2012) Novel 1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-b]-1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives as dual analgesic/anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial agents. Lett. Drug Des. Discov., 9(2) 204-212.
29. Khatoon Y., Singh V., Sarafroz M. (2018) Anticonvulsant and neurotoxicity evaluation of some fused 1,2,4-triazole-[3,4-b]-1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res., 48(2) 70-78.
30. Dighe A.S., Sen A.K. (2021) In silico investigation and molecular docking study of triazolo-thiadiazole derivatives for antimicrobial, anti-inlammatory and anti-diabetic activity. Indian J. Pharm. Educ. Res., 55(4) 1125-1144. https://doi.org/10.5530/ijper.55.4.213
31. Al-Wahaibi L.H., Karthikeyan S., Blacque O., El-Masry A.A., Hassan H.M., Percino M.J., El-Emam A.A., Thamotharan S. (2022) Structural and energetic properties of weak noncovalent interactions in two closely related 3,6-disubstituted-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4‑b][1,3,4]thiadiazole derivatives: In vitro cyclooxygenase activity, crystallography, and computational investigations. ACS Omega, 7 34506-34520. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.2c04252
32. Sunil D., Isloor A.M., Shetty P. (2009) Synthesis, characterization and anticancer activity of 1,2,4-triazolo [3,4-b]-1,3,4-thiadiazoles on Hep G2 cell lines. Der Pharma Chem., 1(2) 19-26.
33. Lelyukh M., Demchuk I., Harkov S., Chaban T., Drapak I., Chaban I., Shelepeten L., Matiychuk V. (2020) A review on synthetic routes for obtaining of 2,5-disubstituted 1,3,4-oxadiazoles via cyclodehydration and oxidative cyclization reactions. Biointerface Res. App.l Chem., 10(4) 5960-5971. https://doi.org/10.33263/BRIAC104.960971
34. Lelyukh M., Martynets M., Kalytovska M., Drapak I., Harkov S., Chaban T., Chaban I., Matiychuk V. (2020) Approaches for synthesis and chemical modification of non-condensed heterocyclic systems based on 1,3,4-oxadiazole ring and their biological activity: A review. J. Appl. Pharm. Sci., 10(10) 151-165. https://doi.org/10.7324/JAPS.2020.1010016
35. Lelyukh M., Zhukrovska M., Komarenska Z., Flud V., Harkov S. (2023) Synthetic approaches, modification ability and biological activity of 1,3,4-thiadiazole based [5+5] annelated heterosystems: Mini-review. Curr. Chem. Lett., 12(4) 769-780. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.ccl.2023.4.004
36. Hamdy R., Jones A.T., El-Sadek M., Hamoda A.M., Shakartalla S.B., Al Shareef Z.M., Soliman S.S.M., Westwell A.D. (2021) New bioactive fused triazolothiadiazoles as Bcl-2-targeted anticancer agents. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22(22) 12272. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222212272
37. Kumar G.V.S., Rajendraprasad Y., Mallikarjuna B.P., Chandrashekar S.M., Kistayya C. (2010) Synthesis of some novel 2-substituted-5-[isopropylthiazole] clubbed 1,2,4-triazole and 1,3,4-oxadiazoles as potential antimicrobial agents. Eur. J. Med. Chem., 45 2063-2074. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.01.045
38. Sunil D., Isloor A.M., Shetty P., Satyamoorthy K., Prasad A.S.B. (2011) Synthesis, characterization, antioxidant, and anticancer studies of 6-[3-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-3-[(2-naphthyloxy)methyl][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole in HepG2 cell lines. Med. Chem. Res., 20 1074-1080. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00044-010-9436-9
39. Seelolla G., Ponneri V. (2016) Synthesis, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities of some fused heterocyclic [1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole derivatives. J. Heterocycl. Chem., 53(3) 929-936. https://doi.org/10.1002/jhet.2348
40. Myrko I., Chaban T., Horak Yu., Ogurtsov V., Drapak I., Chaban I., Matiychuk V. (2023) Anticancer properties of some triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazoles. Curr. Chem. Lett., 12(4) 813-820. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.ccl.2023.4.001
41. Cui P., Li X., Zhu M., Wang B., Liu J., Chen H. (2017) Design, synthesis and antimicrobial activities of thiouracil derivatives containing triazolo-thiadi’azole as SecA inhibitors. Eur. J. Med. Chem., 127 159-165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.12.053
42. Yuan H., Liu Q., Zhang L., Hu S., Chen T., Li H., Chen Y., Xu Y., Lu T. (2018) Discovery, optimization and biological evaluation for novel c-Met kinase inhibitors. Eur. J. Med. Chem., 143 491-502. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.11.073
43. Charitos G., Trafalis D.T., Dalezis P., Potamitis C., Sarli V., Zoumpoulakis P., Camoursis C. (2019) Synthesis and anticancer activity of novel 3,6-disubstituted 1,2,4-triazolo-[3,4-b]-1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives. Arab. J. Chem., 12(8) 4784-4794. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2016.09.015
44. Prasad S., Pandey A.K., Kumar D., Prasad A., Gupta C. (2022) Synthesis and biological activities of 3,6-disubstituted-1,2,4-triazolo(3,4-b)-1,3,4-thiadiazoles. Indian J. Chem., 61 1288-1294. https://doi.org/10.56042/ijc.v61i12.69476
45. Amir M., Akhter MdW., Haq S.E. (2017) Synthesis of some new condensed heterocyclic 6-substituted-1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-b]-1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives of 2-naphthoxyacetic acid as potent anti-inflannatory agents with reduced ulcerogenicity. Indian J. Chem., 56B 1177-1184.
46. Akhter M.W., Hassan M.Z., Amir M. (2014) Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of 3-diphenylmethyl-6-substituted-1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-b]-1,3,4-thiadiazoles: A condensed bridgehead nitrogen heterocyclic system. Arab. J. Chem., 7(6) 955-963. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2014.05.036
47. Badr S.M.I., Barwa R.M. (2011) Synthesis of some new [1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazines and [1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4] thiadiazoles starting from 5-nitro-2-furoic acid and evaluation of their antimicrobial activity. Bioorg. Med. Chem., 19(15) 4506-4512. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2011.06.024
48. Kamel M.M., Megally Abdo N.Y. (2014) Synthesis of novel 1,2,4-triazoles, triazolothiadiazines and triazolothiadiazoles as potential anticancer agents. Eur. J. Med. Chem., 86 75-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.08.047
49. Plech T., Wujec M., Kosikowska U., Malm A., Kapron B. (2012) Studies on the synthesis and antibacterial activity of 3,6-disubstituted 1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-b]1,3,4-thiadiazoles. Eur. J. Med. Chem., 47: 580-584. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.10.055
50. Idrees M., Kola S.S., Siddiqui N.J. (2019) Facile synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activities of novel 6-amino triazolo-thiadiazoles integrated with benzofuran and pyrazole moieties. Orient. J. Chem., 35(6) 1712-1717. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/350612
51. El-Sayed H.A., Assy M.G., Mohamed A.S. (2020) An efficient synthesis and antimicrobial activity of N-bridged triazolo[3,4-b]thiadiazine and triazolo[3,4-b]thiadiazole derivatives under microwave irradiation. Synth. Commun., 50(7) 997-1007. https://doi.org/10.1080/00397911.2020.1726397
52. Husain A., Rashid M., Shaharyar M., Siddiqui A.A., Mishra R. (2013) Benzimidazole clubbed with triazolo-thiadiazoles and triazolo-thiadiazines: New anticancer agents. Eur. J. Med. Chem., 62 785-798. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.07.011
53. Deohate P.P. (2017) The conventional and MW assisted syntheses of some bridgehead nitrogen containing triazolo-thiadiazoles by cyclocondensation using N-aryl isocyanodichlorides and antimicrobial evaluation. Indian J. Het. Chem., 27(4) 377-382.
54. Ramaprasad G.C., Kalluraya B., Kumar B.S. (2014) Microwave-assisted synthesis of triazolothiadiazole analogs as anticancer agents. Med. Chem. Res., 23 3644-3651. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00044-014-0944-x
55. Kumar G.V.S., Prasad Y.R., Mallikarjuna B.P., Chandrashekar S.M., Kistayya C. (2010) Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of clubbed isopropylthiazole derived triazolothiadiazoles, triazolothiadiazines and Mannich bases as potential antimicrobial and antitubercular agents. Eur. J. Med. Chem., 45(11) 5120-5129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.08.023
56. Rostom S.A.F., Badr M.H., El Razik H.A.A., Ashour H.M.A. (2017) Structure-based development of novel triazoles and related thiazolotriazoles as anticancer agents and Cdc25A/B phosphatase inhibitors. Synthesis, in vitro biological evaluation, molecular docking and in silico ADME-T studies. Eur. J. Med. Chem., 139 263-279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.07.053
57. Al-Wahaibi L.H., Abu-Melha H.M., Ibrahim D.A. (2018) Synthesis of novel 1,2,4-triazolyl coumarin derivatives as potential anticancer agents. J. Chem., 2018 5201374. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/5201374
58. Brand G., Gomes C.M.B., Costa W.F., Foglio M.A., Ruiz A.L.T.G., Sarragiotto M.H. (2019) Synthesis and antitumor activity of novel 1-substituted 3-(4,5-substituted 1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)-β-carboline derivatives. Synthesis, 51(02) 573-577. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1610291
59. Formagio A.S.N., Tonin L.T.D., Foglio M.A., Madjarof C., de Carvalho J.E., da Costa W.F., Cardoso F.P., Sarragiotto M.H. (2008) Synthesis and antitumoral activity of novel 3-(2-substituted-1,3,4-oxadiazol-5-yl) and 3-(5-substituted-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl) β-carboline derivatives. Bioorg. Med. Chem., 16(22) 9660-9667. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2008.10.008
60. Gomha S., Riyadh S.M. (2011) Synthesis under microwave irradiation of [1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b] [1,3,4]thiadiazoles and other diazoles bearing indole moieties and their antimicrobial evaluation. Molecules, 16(10) 8244-8256. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules16108244
61. Himaja M., Prathap K.J., Mali S.V. (2012) Facile synthesis of 3,6-disubstituted-1,2,4-triazolo-[3,4-b]-1,3,4-thiadiazoles via oxidative cyclization of n-heteroaryl-substituted hydrazones and their biological activity. J. Heterocycl. Chem., 49(4) 823-828. https://doi.org/10.1002/jhet.870
62. Mathew V., Giles D., Keshavayya J., Vaidya V.P. (2009) Studies on synthesis and pharmacological activities of 1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-b]1,3,4-thiadiazoles and their dihydro analogues. Arch. Pharm., 342(4) 210-222. https://doi.org/10.1002/ardp.200800073
63. Chidananda N., Poojary B., Sumangala V., Kumari N.S., Shetty P., Arulmoli T. (2012) Facile synthesis, characterization and pharmacological activities of 3,6-disubstituted 1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazoles and 5,6-dihydro-3,6-disubstituted-1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazoles. Eur. J. Med. Chem., 51 124-136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.02.030
64. Zhao P.-L., Duan A.-N., Zou M., Yang H.-K., You W.-W., Wu S.-G. (2012) Synthesis and cytotoxicity of 3,4-disubstituted-5-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazoles and novel 5,6-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole derivarives bearing 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl moiety. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 22(13) 4471-4474. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.03.023