How to cite this paper
Tolba, M., El-Dean, A., Ahmed, M., Hassanien, R., Sayed, M., Zaki, R., Mohamed, S., Zawam, S & Abdel-Raheem, S. (2022). Synthesis, reactions, and applications of pyrimidine derivatives.Current Chemistry Letters, 11(1), 121-138.
Refrences
(1) Lagoja I. M. (2005) Pyrimidine as Constituent of Natural Biologically Active Compounds. Chem. Biodivers., 2 (1) 1-50.
(2) Gregory J. S. (1994) The Business Saga of New York’s Syrian World, 1926–1935. New York History, 96 (2) 197-216.
(3) Martins M. A. P., Frizzo C. P., Moreira D. N., Buriol L., and Machado P. (2009) Solvent-Free Heterocyclic Synthesis. chem. Rev., 109 4140-4182.
(4) Elderfield R. C. (1957) Heterocyclic compounds. J. Am. Pharm. Assoc. (Scientific ed.) USA: John Wiley & Sons New York, 46 (6) 390-410.
(5) Kambe S., Saito K., Kishi H. A., Sakurai A., and Midorikawa H. (1979) A One-Step Synthesis of 4-Oxo-2-thioxopyrimidine Derivatives by the Ternary Condensation of Ethyl Cyanoacetate, Aldehydes, and Thiourea. Synthesis, 1979 (4) 287-289.
(6) Lweis A., and Rosenbach V. (1981) A novel convenient one step pyrimidine synthesis. Tetrahedron Lett., 22 (15) 1453-1454.
(7) Fischer E., and Koch H. (1886) Ueber einige Derivate des Trimethylen- und Aethylendiamins. Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem., 232 (2) 222-228.
(8) Grath P. R. (1988) Synthesis of 2-Alkylpyrimidines via 2-Alkyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidines. Heterocycles, 27 (8) 1867-1873.
(9) Gordeev F., Komkov A. V., and Dorokhov A. V. (1990) Synthesis of pyrimidines and pyrido[2,3-d] pyrimidines using N,S- and N,N-acetals of diacetyl ketene. Chem. Heterocycl. Compd., 26 (9) 1075-1076.
(10) Holzer M., Dobner B., and Briel D. (1994) Synthesis of N-Substituted Oxo- and Thioxopyrimidines from 1,2,4- Dithiazolium Salts. Liebigs Ann. Chem., 1994 (9) 895-900.
(11) Karpov A. S., and Müller T. J. J. (2003) Straightforward Novel One-Pot Enaminone and Pyrimidine Syntheses by Coupling-Addition-Cyclocondensation Sequences. Synthesis, 2003 (18) 2815-2826.
(12) Karpov A. S., and Müller T. J. J. (2003) New Entry to a Three-Component Pyrimidine Synthesis by TMS−Ynones via Sonogashira Coupling. Org. Lett., 5 (19) 3451-3454.
(13) Ingebrigtsen T., Helland I., and Lejon T. (2005) Palladium-catalysed Synthesis of Pyrimidines. Heterocycles, 65 (11) 2593-2603.
(14) Karpov A. S., Merkul E., Rominger F., and Muller T. J. J. (2005) Concise Syntheses of Meridianins by Carbonylative Alkynylation and a Four-Component Pyrimidine Synthesis. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 44 (42) 6951-6956.
(15) Yamamoto K., Chen Y. G., and Buono F. G. (2005) Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Dihydropyrimi- dinones and Dihydropyrimidines. Org. Lett., 7 (21) 4673-4676.
(16) Bellura E., and Langer P. (2006) Synthesis of 4-(3-hydroxyalkyl)pyrimidines by ring transformation reactions of 2-alkylidenetetrahydrofurans with amidines. Tetrahedron, 62 (23) 5426-5434.
(17) Xie F., Li S., Bai D., Lou L., and Hu Y. (2007) Three-component, one-pot synthesis of 2, 4, 5-substituted pyrimidines library for screening against human hepatocellular carcinoma BEL-7402 cells. J. Comb. Chem., 9 (1) 12-13.
(18) Stonehouse J. P., Chekmarev D. S., Ivanova N. V., Lang S., Pairaudeau G., and Smith N. (2008) One-Pot Four-Component Reaction for the Generation of Pyrazoles and Pyrimidines. Synlett., 2008 (1) 100-104.
(19) Lu W., Song W., Hong D., Lu P., and Wang Y. (2009) Copper-Catalyzed One-Pot Synthesis of 2-Alkylidene-1,2,3,4- tetrahydropyrimidines. Adv. Synth. Catal., 351 (11-12) 1768-1772.
(20) Sasada T., Kobayashi F., Sakai N., and Konakahara T. (2009) An Unprecedented Approach to 4,5-Disubstituted Pyrimidine Derivatives by a ZnCl2-Catalyzed Three-Component Coupling Reaction. Org. Lett., 11 (10) 2161-2164.
(21) Sasada T., Aoki Y., Ikeda R. Sakai N., and Konakahara T. (2011) Synthesis of Tri- or Tetrasubstituted Pyrimidine Derivatives through the [5+1] Annulation of Enamidines with either N,N-Dimethylformamide Dialkyl Acetals or Orthoesters and Their Application in a Ring Transformation of Pyrimidines to Pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin‐5‐one Derivatives. Chem. Eur. J., 17 (34) 9385-9394.
(22) Satoh Y., Yasuda K., and Obora Y. (2012) Strategy for the Synthesis of Pyrimidine Derivatives: NbCl5- Mediated Cycloaddition of Alkynes and Nitriles. Organometallics, 31 (15) 5235-5238.
(23) Rostamizadeh S., Nojavan M., Aryan R., Sadeghian H., and Davoodnejad M. (2013) A novel and efficient synthesis of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives and the study of their anti-bacterial activity. Chinese Chem. Lett., 24 (7) 629-632.
(24) Karad S. N., and Liu R. S. (2014) Regiocontrolled Gold-Catalyzed [2+2+2] Cycloadditions of Ynamides with Two Discrete Nitriles to Construct 4-Aminopyrimidine Cores. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 53 (34) 9072-9076.
(25) Xing Y., Cheng B., Wang J., Lu P., and Wang Y. (2014) Copper-Catalyzed Three-Component Synthesis of 3-Aminopyrazoles and 4-Iminopyrimidines via β-Alkynyl-N-sulfonyl Ketenimine Intermediates. Org. Lett., 6 (18) 4814-4817.
(26) Mahdavi M., Kianfard H., Saeedi M., Ranjbar P. R., and Shafiee A. (2016) Efficient Synthesis of Polyfunctionalized Pyrimidine Derivatives. Synlett., 27 (11) 1689-1692.
(27) Gore R. P., and Rajput A. P. (2013) A review on recent progress in multicomponent reactions of pyrimidine synthesis. Drug Invent. Today, 5 (2) 148-152.
(28) Selvam T. P., James C. R., Dniandev P. V., and Valzita S. K. (2012) Synthesis, antiviral and cytotoxicity studies of novel N-substituted indophenazine derivatives. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 74 (3) 275-283.
(29) Qomi H. R., and Habibi A. (2017) Synthesis of a novel functionalized tricyclic pyrimidine-fused 1,5-benzodiazepine library. Tetrahedron, 73 (21) 2991-3001.
(30) Venkatesan K., Satyanarayana V. S. V., and Sivakumar A. (2016) Synthesis of pyrimidine carboxamide derivatives catalyzed by uranyl nitrate hexa Hydrate with their antibacterial and antioxidant studies. Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop., 30 (1) 119-127.
(31) Zielin'ski W., and Kudelko A. (2000) Synthesis and Basicity of 4-Amino-2-phenylquinazolines. Monatsh. Chem., 131 (8) 895-899.
(32) Raj T., Sharma H., Pharm M., Thammarat A. S., Navneet Kaur A., Singh N., and Jang D. O. (2017) Solvent-Less” Mechanochemical Approach to the Synthesis of Pyrimidine Derivatives. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng., 5 (2) 1468-1475.
(33) Shook B. C., Chakravarty D., Barbay J. K., Wang W., Leonard K., Alford V., Powell M. T., Beauchamp D. A., Rassnick S., Scannevin R. H., Carroll K., Wallace N., Crooke J., Ault M., Lampron L., Westover L., Rhodes K., and Jackson P. F. (2011) minomethyl substituted thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines as adenosine A2A receptor antagonists. Med. Chem. Commun., 2 (10) 950-962.
(34) Hirota K., Shirahashi M., Senda S., and Yogo M. (1990) Pyrimidines. 65. Synthesis of 6-substituted thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-diones. J. Heterocycl. Chem., 27 (3) 717-721.
(35) Hosni H. M., Basyouni W. M., and El-Nahas H. A. (1999) Thienopyrimidines. Part III. Synthesis of Novel Substituted Thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidinone Derivatives and their Condensed Products with Molluscicidal and Larvicidal activities. J. Chem. Research., 23 (11) 646-647.
(36) Perpicace E., Hureaux V. J., Ragno R., Ballante F., Sartini S., Motta C. L., Settimo F. D., Chen B., Kirsch G., Scheider S., Faivre B., and Hesse S. (2013) Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of new classes of thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidinone and thieno[1,2,3]triazine as inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2). Eur. J. Med. Chem., 63 765-781.
(37) Leung C. Y., Langille A. M., Mancuso J., and Tsantrizos Y. S. (2013) Discovery of thienopyrimidine-based inhibitors of the human farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase-Parallel synthesis of analogs via a trimethylsilylylidene intermediate. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, 21 (8) 2229-2240.
(38) Tolba M. S., Kamal El-Dean A. M., Ahmed M., and Hassanien R. (2019) Synthesis, reactions, and biological study of some new thienopyrimidine derivatives as antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agents, J. Chin. Chem. Soc., 66 548–557.
(39) Ahmed M., Younis O., Orabi E. A., Sayed A. M., Kamal El-Dean A. M., Hassanien R., Davis R. L., Tsutsumi O., and Tolba M. S. (2020) Synthesis of novel thienopyrimidines as biocompatible chromophores with aggregation-induced emission sensitive to molecular aggregation. ACS Omega, 5 29988-30000.
(40) Soleimany M., Lari J., Vahedi H., and Imanpour M. (2014) New Facile Route to Synthesize Furo[3,2-e] [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-c]pyrimidine and Furo[3,2-e][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine Derivatives. Synth. Commun., 44 (23) 3375-3383.
(41) Al-Taisan Kh. M., Al-Haqimi H. M. A., and Al-Shihry Sh. S. (2010) Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Studies of Some Novel Thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines. Molecules, 15 (6) 3932-3957.
(42) Sacchi A., Laneri S., Arena F., Luraschi E., and Rossi F. (1997) Research on heterocyclic compounds. Part XXXVI. Imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine2-acetic derivatives: synthesis and anti-inflammatory activity. Eur. J. Med. Chem., 32 (7-8) 677-682.
(43) Aly H. M., Saleh N. M., and Elhady H. A. (2011) Design and synthesis of some new thiophene, thienopyrimidine and thienothiadiazine derivatives of antipyrine as potential antimicrobial agents. Eur. J. Med. Chem., 46 (9) 4566-4572.
(44) Ashour H. M., Shaaban O.G., Rizk O. H., and Ashmawy I. M. E. (2013) Synthesis and biological evaluation of thieno[2′,3′:4,5]pyrimido[1,2-b][1,2,4]triazines and thieno[2,3-d][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a] pyrimidines as anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents. Eur. J. Med. Chem., 62 341-351.
(45) Rashmi P., Nargund L. V. G., and Narendra Sharath Chandra K.H. J. N. (2011) Thienopyrimidines as Novel Inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberclosis: Synthesis and In-vitro Studies. Arch. Pharm., 344 (7) 459 -465.
(46) Hafez H. N., and El-Gazzar A-R. B. A. (2017) Synthesis and evaluation of antitumor activity of new 4-substituted thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine and thienotriazolopyrimidine derivatives. Acta Pharm., 67 (4) 527-542.
(47) Ahmed M., Sayed M., Saber A. F., Hassanien R., Kamal El-Dean A. M., and Tolba M. S. (2020) Synthesis, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Activity of New Thienopyrimidine Derivatives. Polycycl. Aromat. Compd., Accepted Manuscript (DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2020.1852587).
(48) Nirwan N., Pareek Ch., and Swami V. K. (2020) Indolylimidazoles: Synthetic approaches and biological activities. Curr. Chem. Lett., 9 (1) 31-50.
(49) Khodairy A., Mansour E. S., Elhady O. M., and Drar A. M. (2021) Novel N-cyanoguanidyl derivatives: Synthesis and studying their toxicological activity against Spodoptera littoralis and Schizaphis graminum. Curr. Chem. Lett., 10 (4) 363-370.
(50) Abdel-Raheem Sh. A. A., Kamal El-Dean A. M., Hassanien R., El-Sayed M. E. A., and Abd-Ella A. A. (2020) Synthesis and biological activity of 2-((3-Cyano-4,6-distyrylpyridin-2-yl)thio)acetamide and its cyclized form. Alger. j. biosciences, 01 (02) 046-050.
(51) Chavan P., Pansare D., Shelke R., Shejul S., and Bhoir P. (2021) Ultrasound-assisted synthesis and biological significance of substituted 4H-chromene-3- carbonitrile using greenery approaches. Curr. Chem. Lett., 10 (2021) 43-52.
(52) Sayed M., Kamal El-Dean A. M., Ahmed M., and Hassanien R. (2017) Synthesis of some new heterocyclic compounds containing indole moiety. Eur. Chem. Bull., 6 (4) 171-176.
(53) Lingappa M., Guruswamy V., and Bantal V. (2021) Synthesis and characterization of 4-amino-4H-1,2,4-triazole derivatives: Anticonvulsant activity. Curr. Chem. Lett., 9 (2021) 33-42.
(54) Bakhite E. A., Abd-Ella A. A., El-Sayed M. E. A., and Abdel-Raheem Sh. A. A. (2014) Pyridine derivatives as insecticides. Part 1: Synthesis and toxicity of some pyridine derivatives against Cowpea Aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch (Homoptera: Aphididae). J. Agric. Food Chem., 62 (41) 9982–9986.
(55) Abdelhamid A. A., Elsaghier A. M. M., Aref S. A., Gad M. A., Ahmed N. A., and Abdel-Raheem Sh. A. A. (2021) Preparation and biological activity evaluation of some benzoylthiourea and benzoylurea compounds. Curr. Chem. Lett., 10 (4) 371-376.
(56) Bakhite E. A., Abd-Ella A. A., El-Sayed M. E. A., and Abdel-Raheem Sh. A. A. (2017) Pyridine derivatives as insecticides. Part 2: Synthesis of some piperidinium and morpholinium cyanopyridinethiolates and their Insecticidal Activity. J. Saud. Chem. Soc., 21 (1) 95–104.
(57) Kamal El-Dean A. M., Abd-Ella A. A., Hassanien R., El-Sayed M. E. A., Zaki R. M., and Abdel-Raheem Sh. A. A. (2019) Chemical design and toxicity evaluation of new pyrimidothienotetrahydroisoquinolines as potential insecticidal agents. Toxicol. Rep., 6 (2019) 100-104.
(58) Saddik A. A., Hassan K. M., Kamal El-Dean A. M., and Abbady M. S. (2015) Synthesis of new mercaptopyrimidines and thienopyrimidines. Eur. Chem. Bull., 4 (9) 436-441.
(59) Gad M. A., Aref S. A., Abdelhamid A. A., Elwassimy M. M., and Abdel-Raheem Sh. A. A. (2021) Biologically active organic compounds as insect growth regulators (IGRs): introduction, mode of action, and some synthetic methods. Curr. Chem. Lett., 10 (4) 393-412.
(60) Kamal El-Dean A. M., Abd-Ella A. A., Hassanien R., El-Sayed M. E. A., and Abdel-Raheem Sh. A. A. (2019) Design, Synthesis, Characterization, and Insecticidal Bioefficacy Screening of Some New Pyridine Derivatives. ACS Omega, 4 (5) 8406-8412.
(61) Abdel-Raheem Sh. A. A., Kamal El-Dean A. M., Zaki R. M., Hassanien R., El-Sayed M. E. A., Sayed M., and Abd-Ella A. A. (2021) Synthesis and toxicological studies on distyryl-substituted heterocyclic insecticides. Eur. Chem. Bull., 10 (4) 225-229.
(62) Abdel-Raheem Sh. A. A., Kamal El-Dean A. M., Hassanien R., El-Sayed M. E. A., and Abd-Ella A. A. (2021) Synthesis and characterization of some distyryl-derivatives for agricultural uses. Eur. Chem. Bull., 10 (1) 35-38.
(63) Tolba M. S., Sayed M., Abdel-Raheem Sh. A. A., Gaber T. A., Kamal El-Dean A. M., and Ahmed M. (2021) Synthesis and spectral characterization of some new thiazolopyrimidine derivatives. Curr. Chem. Lett., 10 (4) 471-478.
(64) Saddik A. A., Kamal El-Dean A. M., El-Sokary G. H., Hassan K. M., Abbady M. S., Ismail I. A., and Saber S. H. (2017) Synthesis and Cytotoxicity of Some Thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine Derivatives. J. Chin. Chem. Soc., 64 (1) 87-93.
(65) Saddik A. A., Kamal El-Dean A. M., El-Said W. A., Hassan K. M., and Abbady M. S. (2018) Synthesis, Antimicrobial, and Anticancer Activities of a New Series of Thieno[2,3-d] Pyrimidine Derivatives. J. Heterocyclic Chem., 55 (9) 2111-2122.
(66) Al-Taifi E. A., Abdel-Raheem Sh. A. A., and Bakhite E. A. (2016) Some reactions of 3-cyano-4-(p-methoxyphenyl)-5-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline-2(1H)-thione; Synthesis of new tetrahydroquinolines and tetrahydrothieno[2,3-b]quinolines. Assiut University Journal of Chemistry (AUJC), 45 (1) 24-32.
(67) Abdel-Raheem Sh. A. A., Kamal El-Dean A. M., Hassanien R., El-Sayed M. E. A., Sayed M., and Abd-Ella A. A. (2021) Synthesis and spectral characterization of selective pyridine compounds as
bioactive agents. Curr. Chem. Lett., 10 (3) 255-260.
(68) Abdelhamid A. A., Elwassimy M. M., Aref S. A., and Gad M. A. (2019) Chemical design and bioefficacy screening of new insect growth regulators as potential insecticidal agents against Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.). Biotechnology Reports, 24 (2019) 394-401.
(69) Abdel-Raheem Sh. A. A., Kamal El-Dean A. M., Abd ul-Malik M. A., Abd-Ella A. A., Al-Taifi E. A., Hassanien R., El-Sayed M. E. A., Mohamed S. K., Zawam S. A., and Bakhite E. A. (2021) A concise review on some synthetic routes and applications of pyridine scaffold compounds. Curr. Chem. Lett., 10 (4) 337-362.
(70) Kamal El Dean A. M., Zaki R. M., Geies A. A., Radwan S. M., and Tolba M. S. (2013) Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of New Heterocyclic Compounds Containing Thieno[3,2-c]Coumarin and Pyrazolo[4,3-c]Coumarin Frameworks. Russ. J. Bioorganic Chem., 39 (5) 553–564.
(71) Saber A. F., Sayed M., Tolba M. S., Kamal A. M., Hassanien R., and Ahmed M. (2021) A Facile Method for Preparation and Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Efficiency of Various Heterocycles Containing Thieno[2,3-d]Pyrimidine. Synth. Commun., 51 (9) 398-409.
(72) Tolba M. S., Kamal El-Dean A. M., Ahmed M., Hassanien R., and Farouk M. (2017) Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Some New Thienopyrimidine Derivatives. Arkivoc., 2017(5) 229–243.
(73) Tolba M. S., Ahmed M., Kamal El-Dean A. M., Hassanien R., and Farouk M. (2018) Synthesis of New Fused Thienopyrimidines Derivatives as Anti-Inflammatory Agents. J. Heterocyclic Chem., 55 (2) 408–418.
(74) Sayed M., Younis O., Hassanien R., Ahmed M., Mohammed A. A. K., Kamal A. M., and Tsutsumi O. (2019) Design and Synthesis of Novel Indole Derivatives with Aggregation-Induced Emission and Antimicrobial Activity. J. Photochem. Photobiol. A., 383 111969–111979.
(75) Younis O., Tolba M. S., Orabi E. A., Kamal A. M., Hassanien R., Tsutsumi O., and Ahmed M. (2020) Biologically-Active Heterocyclic Molecules with Aggregation-Induced Blue-Shifted Emission and Efficient Luminescence Both in Solution and Solid States. J. Photochem. Photobiol. A., 400 112642.
(76) Hamed M. M., Kamal El-Dean A. M., Abdel-Mohsen Sh. A., and Tolba M. S. (2021) New Diclofenac Derivatives as Anti-Microbial, Anti-Inflammatory Agents: Design, Synthesis, Biological Screening, and Molecular Docking Study. Russ. J. Bioorganic Chem., 47 (1) 208-220.
(77) Abeed A. A. O., and Abdel Mohsen Sh. A. (2013) Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity of new thiadiazoles, thiazolidines, and spiro (indole-azoles) linked to 2-pyrazolin-5-one. Eur. J. Sci. Res., 108 (2) 279-285.
(78) Youssef M. S. K., and Abeed A. A. O. (2014) Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some novel 2-thienyl substituted heterocycles. Heterocyl. Commun., 20 (1) 25-31.
(79) Youssef M. S. K., and Abeed A. A. O. (2014) Synthesis, characterization and pharmacological activities of pyrimidine derivatives containing 2-pyrazoline-5-one. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Res., 5 1705-1720.
(80) Abeed A. A. O. (2015) 2-Pyrazolin-5-one based heterocycles: synthesis and characterization. J. Heterocycl. Chem., 52 (4) 1175-1184.
(81) Bakhite E. A., Abeed A. A. O., and Ola E. A. Ahmed (2016) Synthesis and biological activity of some new fused thieno[2,3-b]pyridine derivatives; pyridothienopyrimidinones and pyridothienotriazinones. Assiut University Journal of Chemistry (AUJC), 45 (1) 47-57.
(82) Youssef M. S. K., Abeed A. A. O., and El Emary T. I. (2017) Synthesis and evaluation of chromene-based compounds containing pyrazole moiety as antimicrobial agents. Heterocycl commun., 23 (1) 55-64.
(83) Abeed A. A. O., Youssef M. S. K., and Rehab Hegazy R. (2017) Synthesis, anti-diabetic and renoprotective activity of some new benzazole, thiazolidin-4-one and azetidin-2-one derivatives. J. Braz. Chem. Soc., 28 (11) 2054-2063.
(84) Bakhite E. A., Abeed A. A. O., and Ahmed O. A. (2017) Fused thieno[2,3-b]pyridines: synthesis and characterization of new condensed pyridothienopyrimidines. Arkivoc, 4 121-136.
(85) Abeed A. A. O., El-Emary T. I., and Youssef M. S. K. (2019) A Facile Synthesis and Reactions of Some Novel Pyrazole-based Heterocycles. Curr. Org. Synth., 16 (3) 405-412.
(86) Abeed A. A. O., Abdel Jaleel G. A., and Youssef M. S. K. (2019) Novel Heterocyclic Hybrids Based on 2-Pyrazoline: Synthesis and Assessment of Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Activities. Curr. Org. Synth., 16 (6) 921- 930.
(87) Zaki R. M., Kamal El-Dean A. M., Radwan Sh. M., and Sayed A. S. A. (2020) Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Novel Piperidinyl Tetrahydrothieno[2,3 c]isoquinolines and Related Heterocycles. ACS Omega, 5 (1) 252-264.