The white mango scale insect Aulacaspis tubercularis (Newstead) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), which causes defoliation, drying out of young twigs, dieback, poor flowering, and decreased fruit output, causes serious damage to mango trees in Egypt. Attacks on mango fruits result in pink imperfections that lower their value as a commercial and export item. The current report aims to support the development of integrated management plans to combat A. tuberculosis and to identify more effective, eco-friendly insecticides. The bug may cause a considerable decrease in mango production and jeopardize the sustainability of mango plantation production if no management measures are taken. Currently, the application of a small number of insecticides—the majority of which have poor performance and are disruptive is the primary method used to manage A. tubercularis. In order to suppress this insect, we created novel pesticides called insect growth regulators (N, N′-substituted benzamide derivatives). By using both traditional and elemental spectroscopic investigations (IR, 1HNMR, and 13CNMR), these synthesized compounds which are linked to the most well-known insect growth regulator insecticides had their structures validated. The findings showed that A. tubercularis nymphs were more responsive to the evaluated treatments than adult females. After one day of application, all tested treatments resulted in a sizable proportion of mortality; the percentage of mortality increased with time for both A. tubercularis nymphs and adult females. Furthermore, the treatment with compound 3b was more effective than other synthesized compounds, with a LC50 of 0.318 ppm against nymphs and a LC50 of 0.993 ppm against adult females of A. tubercularis. While the treatment with compound 5 was the least toxic for controlling this pest, many assessments are essential to studying the efficacy of these treatments on advantageous insects.

The following work could bring new insights into the application of heterocyclic N, N′-substituted thiobenzamide derivatives as novel pesticides. Insect growth regulators such as chitin synthesis inhibitors seem promising because of their specific mode of action on insects and their lower toxicity against vertebrates than conventional insecticides. Thus, a novel series of thiobenzamide derivatives have been prepared in a pure state. The structure of these synthesized compounds which related to the most famous insect growth regulator insecticides, were confirmed by elemental and modern spectroscopic analyses (IR, UV, ¹HNMR and ₁₃CNMR). Toxicological and biochemical parameters of the synthesized compounds against the cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis under laboratory conditions were also investigated. Regarding the determined LC₅₀ value for compound 2,4-Dichloro-N-[(2-methoxyphenyl)carbamothioyl]- benzamide 14 showed the most potent toxic effects than the other synthetic target compounds, with LC50 46.84 ppm of 2nd instar larvae and LC50 148.05of the 4th instar larvae.

In this study, seven cyano-benzylidene and bisbenzylidene derivatives were designed and synthesized. All synthesized compounds were evaluated to determine their insecticidal activities as potential insecticides against nymphs and adults of Aphis nerii. These efforts led to the discovery of compounds 3a-d, 5, 7 and 10 with potent insecticidal activity (LC50 range from 0.0141 to 3.4351ppm). Compound 5 exhibited the highest insecticidal potency with 0.0141ppm. In addition, it indicated that compound 3b is less toxic than benzylidene and other precursors. Therefore, our results suggest that compound 5 has strong potential as a candidate component for developing a novel eco-friendly insecticide for control Aphids.

In our work we study the toxic effects of the prepared pyridine and pyradazine derivatives. Five compounds have been synthesized in pure state as reported procedures, and their toxicity as potential insecticidal agents against adult and nymphs of Aphis nerii were screened. The toxicity data in adults, exhibited that compound 6a is more toxic than other synthesized compounds, which LC50 was1.04 ppm while, in nymph compound 4a is more toxic than other synthesized compounds, which LC₅₀ was 0.02 ppm. The other screened compounds showed weak to strong toxicological activity. The structure-activity relationships (SAR) for these compounds were also discussed.

Spodopetra Frugiperda is a highly polyphagous migratory lepidopteran pest species. It causes infestation in crops leading to severe crop losses. Being a new invasive parasite, its susceptibility to insecticides needs to be explored and therefore, there is an urgent need to develop the potent insecticides for the effective control of this insect pest. This is the first report on toxic effects produced by the prepared chalcone and hydrazone analogs, followed by structure relationships. Five compounds of chalcone and hydrazone derivatives have been synthesized in pure state as reported procedures, and their toxicity as potential insecticidal agent against Spodopetra Frugiperda was screened. Their characterizations by using spectroscopic analyses were performed. The toxicity data exhibited that compound 5 is more toxic about 2-fold than other synthesized compounds, the other screened compounds showed weak to strong toxicological activity against Spodopetra Frugiperda (lepidoptera: Noctuidae).

Due to the complicated problems coming from excessive applications of insecticides, searching for safe substitutes to these insecticides has become a necessity. Thus, the insect growth regulators are candidates to be used in such concern. Comparative studies of the effects of three compounds, 2-benzoyl-N-phenylhydrazine-1-carbothioamide (1), 2-(cyanoacetyl)-N-phenylhydrazine-1-carboxamide (2) and N-(2-(2-cyanoacetyl)hydrazinecarbonothioyl)furan-2-carboxamide (3) (an insect growth regulator inhibiting chitin synthesis), were conducted on Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval, 1833). The compounds, orally administered, caused larval mortality proportional to the concentrations in the food source. larvae were unable to complete the molting process and died in the old larval cuticle. Larvae contaminated by sublethal doses completed their development to adulthood. N-(2-(2-cyanoacetyl)hydrazinecarbonothioyl)furan-2-carboxamide (3) is more active than the other compounds have LC50 17.082 ppm for 2nd instar larvae and 60.832 ppm for 4th instar larvae.

Biologically active organic compounds continue to attract great interest due to the wide variety of interesting applications observed for these compounds. This review results from the literature survey containing the organic compounds that are used as insect growth regulators with a focus on their mode of action and some synthetic routes.