How to cite this paper
Nirupama, M., Galdolage, B., Al-Daoud, K., Vasudevan, A., Mohammad, S., Vasumathi, A & Qin, P. (2025). The effect of conspicuous consumption on social identity formation in the branded clothing sector: The mediating effect of product symbolism.Uncertain Supply Chain Management, 13(3), 395-408.
Refrences
Abdullah, S. I. N. W., Samdin, Z., Teng, P., & Heng, B. (2019). The impact of knowledge, attitude, consumption values and destination image on tourists’ responsible environmental behaviour intention. Management Science Letters, 9(9), 1461-1476.
Abrams, D. (2016). An Introduction to the Social Identity Approach Societal Cohesion View project Development of subjective group dynamics View project. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/226768706
Achouri, M. A., & Bouslama, N. (2010). The Effect of the Congruence between Brand Personality and Self-Image on Consumer’s Satisfaction and Loyalty: A Conceptual Framework. 2010, 16. https://doi.org/10.5171/2010.627203
Ada Ozdil, M. (2021). The Effect of Clothing as a Marker on Identity (No. 33). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350073072_THE_EFFECT_OF_CLOTHING_AS_A_MARKER_ON_IDENTITY
Allen, M. W. (2002). Human values and product symbolism: Do consumers form product preference by comparing the human values symbolized by a product to the human values that they endorse? Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 32(12), 2475–2501. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1559-1816.2002.TB02752.X
American Marketing Association . (2023). American Marketing Association.
Archer, L., Hollingworth, S., & Halsall, A. (2007). `University’s not for Me — I’m a Nike Person’: Urban, Working-Class Young People’s Negotiations of `Style’, Identity and Educational Engagement. Sociology, 41(2), 219–237. https://doi.org/10.1177/0038038507074798
Assimos, B. M., de Rezende Pinto, M., Leite, R. S., & de Andrade, M. L. (2019). Conspicuous Consumption and its Relation to Brand Consciousness, Status Consumption and Self-Expression. BBR. Brazilian Business Review, 16(4), 350–368. https://doi.org/10.15728/BBR.2019.16.4.3
Astakhova, M., Swimberghe, K. R., & Wooldridge, B. R. (2017). Actual and ideal-self congruence and dual brand passion. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 34(7), 664–672. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCM-10-2016-1985
Baron, R. M., & Kenney, D. A. (1986). The Moderator–Mediator Variable Distinction in Social Psychological Research: Conceptual, Strategic, and Statistical Considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6). https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1987-13085-001
Belk, R. (1985). Materialism: Trait Aspects of Living in the Material World. Article in Journal of Consumer Research. https://doi.org/10.1086/208515
Bojic Olsson, M. (2020). Do You Really Need It? A Qualitative Study of Conspicuous Consumption in Relation to Self-Identity [Lund University]. https://lup.lub.lu.se/luur/download?func=downloadFile&recordOId=9031788&fileOId=9031790
Bouska, M. L., & Bea’m’y, P. A. (1978). Clothing as a Symbol of Status: Its Effect on Control of Interaction Territory. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 11(4), 235–238.
Bronner, F., & De Hoog, R. (2019). Comparing Conspicuous Consumption Across Different Experiential Products: Culture and Leisure. International Journal of Market Research, 61(4), 430–446. https://doi.org/10.1177/1470785318799898
Buckingham, D. (2008). Introducing identity. In Foundation Series on Digital Media and Learning. The MIT Press. https://doi.org/10.1162/dmal.9780262524834.001
Chang, E., Lee, K.-H., Dawson, S., & Cavell, J. (2002). Underlying Values of Prestige Seeking and Its Influence on Brand Loyalty in Clothing Consumption. Journal of Economic Psychology, 5(2), 561–585.
Chaudhuri, H. R., & Majumdar, S. (2006). Of Diamonds and Desires: Understanding Conspicuous Consumption from a Contemporary Marketing Perspective. https://cdn.ymaws.com/www.ams-web.org/resource/resmgr/original_amsr/chaudhuri09-2006.pdf
Chaudhuri, H. R., & Majumdar, S. (2010). Conspicuous consumption: Is that all bad? investigating the alternative paradigm. Vikalpa, 35(4), 53–59. https://doi.org/10.1177/0256090920100405
Chen, E., Yeh, N.-C., & Wang, C.-P. (2008). Conspicuous Consumption: a Preliminary Report of Scale Development and Validation. Advances in Consumer Research, 35, 686–687.
Chen, J. (2002). Chinese identification, acculturation and conspicuous consumption in a multicultural society: a theoretical framework and empirical evidence. https://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/xmlui/handle/10214/20299
Dalla Chiesa, C., & Dekker, E. (2022). Communicating identity: how the symbolic meaning of goods creates different market types. https://doi.org/10.1080/00346764.2021.2019822
Dittmar, H. (2008). Consumer Culture, Identity and Well-Being. Psychology Press.
Dubois, D., & Ordabayeva, N. (2015). Social Hierarchy, Social Status and Status Consumption. In The Cambridge Handbook of Consumer Psychology (pp. 332–367).
Eastman, J. K., Goldsmith, R. E., & Flynn, L. R. (2015). Status Consumption in Consumer Behavior: Scale Development and Validation. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 7(3), 41–52.
Grop, J. Van. (2005). Lifestyles and Social Change. In utupub.fi (pp. 127–158). The Thurku School of Economic and Business Admistration. https://www.utupub.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/113599/Kre11_2005.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Hair, J. F., Page, M., & Brunsveld, N. (2020). Essentials of Business Research Methods (4th ed.). Routledge. https://dr-notes.com/essentials-of-business-research-methods-fourth-edition-mzm
Hogg, M. A. (2016). Social Identity Theory. In Understanding Peace and Conflict Through Social Identity Theory (pp. 3–17). Springer International Publishing Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29869-6_1
Hogg, M. K., Bruce, M., & Hill, A. J. (1998). Fashion Brand Preferences among Young Consumers. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 26(8), 293–300. https://doi.org/10.1108/09590559810231742
Hokkanen, S. (2014). Fashion Brands and Consumption in Postmodern Consumer Culture [The Swedesh School of Textiles, University of Boras]. http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1309958/FULLTEXT01.pdf
Hoo W.C., Xin C.Y., & Moosa V. (2024). Factors influencing brand equity: Testing Aaker’s brand equity framework in Malaysian toy industry. Innovative Marketing , 20(1), 40-50. doi:10.21511/im.20(1).2024.04
Jamal, A., & Goode, M. M. h. (2001). Consumers and Brands: A Study of the Impact of Self-Image Congruence on Brand Preference and Satisfaction. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 19(7), 482–492. https://doi.org/10.1108/02634500110408286
Jenkins, R. (2014). Social identity. Social Identity, 1–251. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315887104/SOCIAL-IDENTITY-RICHARD-JENKINS
Kong, H., Trang, K., & Haile Selassie, E. (2020). Identity and Conspicuous Consumption in Japan and Hong Kong. https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1452140/FULLTEXT01.pdf
Lurie, A. (1981). The Language of Clothes.
Malhotra, N. K., & David, F. B. (2007). Marketing Research: An Applied Orientation (6th ed.).
Memushi, A. (2014). Conspicuous consumption and Albanians: determinant factors. South-Eastern Europe Journal of Economics, 65–87.
Mikhalkin, E. N., Tsikh -, A. K., Prokhorov -, Y. G., Li, B., Lin, Y., Gao, X., Ab Hamid, M. R., Sami, W., & Mohmad Sidek, M. H. (2017). Discriminant validity assessment: Use of Fornell & Larcker criterion versus HTMT criterion. Iopscience.Iop.Org, 890, 12163. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/890/1/012163
Millan, E., & Mittal, B. (2017). Consumer Preference for Status Symbolism of Clothing: The Case of the Czech Republic. Psychology and Marketing, 34(3), 309–322. https://doi.org/10.1002/MAR.20990
Nowakowski, K. R. (2021). New Trends in Consumer Behaviour in 2020–2021: A Comparative Analysis of Marketing Strategies During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Poland and South. /https://www.ersj.eu/journal/2515/download
O’cass, A., & McEwen, H. (2004). Expoloring Consumer Status and Conspicuous Consumption. Journal of Consumer Behavior, 4(1), 25–39. https://doi.org/10.1002/cb.155
Piron, F. (2000). Consumers’ perceptions of the country-of-origin effect on purchasing intentions of (in)conspicuous products. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 17(4), 308–321. https://doi.org/10.1108/07363760010335330
Platte, E. (2008). Ostentation as Lifestyle? Conspicuous Consumption, Identity and Home Culture in Northern Nigeria. Consumerism-in-Africa.De. http://www.consumerism-in-africa.de/Abstracts/04 Platte.pdf
Preacher, K. J., & Leonardelli, G. J. (2010). Calculation for the Sobel Test: An Interactive Calculation Tool for Mediation Tests. https://quantpsy.org/sobel/sobel.htm
Roy Chaudhuri, H., Mazumdar, S., & Ghoshal, A. (2011). Conspicuous consumption orientation: Conceptualisation, scale development and validation. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 10(4), 216–224. https://doi.org/10.1002/CB.364
Samanthi, S. A. G. (2022). Industry Capability Report : Sri Lankan Apparel Sector. https://www.srilankabusiness.com/ebooks/industry-capability-report-apparel-2021.pdf
Sekaran, U. (2003). Research Methods for Business (4th ed.). John Wiley & Sons,Inc. http://www.mim.ac.mw/books/Uma Sekaran Business Research Methods.pdf
ShiYong, Z., JiaYing, L., HaiJian, W., Dukhaykh, S., Lei, W., BiQing, L., & Jie, P. (2022). Do Product Characteristics Affect Customers’ Participation in Virtual Brand Communities? An Empirical Study. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 6038. https://doi.org/10.3389/FPSYG.2021.792706/BIBTEX
Sims-Muhammad, T. Y., Yang, C., Trivedi, C. J., & Yvette Sims-Muhammad, T. (2012). Young Adult Perception and Attitude Toward Conspicuous Consumption and Poverty . Journal of Social Sciences, 8(4), 512–518. https://doi.org/10.3844/jsssp.2012.512.518
Sirgy, M. J. (1982). Self-Concept in Consumer Behavior: A Critical Review. Journal of Consumer Research, 9(3), 287–300. https://academic.oup.com/jcr/article/9/3/287/1795763
Sobel, M. (1982). Asymptotic confidence intervals for indirect effects in structural equation models. JSTOR, 13, 290–312. https://www.jstor.org/stable/270723
Sparby, T., Edelhäuser, F., & Weger, U. W. (2019). The true self. Critique, nature, and method. Frontiers in Psychology, 10(OCT), 2250. https://doi.org/10.3389/FPSYG.2019.02250/BIBTEX
Srikant, M. (2013). Materialism in Consumer Behaviour and Marketing: A Review. Challenges for the Knowledge Society, 8(2), 329–352.
Steffen, D. (2013). Categorizing Product Meaning: An Investigation into the Product Language of Clothing and Fashion. Design and Semantics of Form and Movement, 73–81. https://blog.hslu.ch/product/files/2009/11/productmeaning.pdf
Stets, J. E., & Burke, P. J. (2000). Identity Theory and Social Identity Theory. Social Psychology Quarterly, 63(3), 224–237. http://www.jstor.org/about/terms.html.
Stuart, E. W., & Fuller, B. K. (1991). Clothing as Communication in Two Business-to-Business Sales Settings. Journal of Business Research, 23(3), 269–290. https://doi.org/10.1016/0148-2963(91)90034-U
Sulhaini, Rusdan, Sulaimiah, & Dayani, R. (2022). Global Symbolic-Value Orientation and Positive Electronic Word of Mouth towards Local Fashion Brands. Asia Pacific Management Review, 27(3), 220–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.APMRV.2021.09.003
Tim Kasser, B. (2018). Materialism and Living Well. In E.Diener, S.Oishi, & L.Tay (Eds.), Handbook of Well-Being. https://doi.org/nobascholar.com
Van Rompay, T. J. L., Pruyn, A. T. H., & Tieke, P. (2009). Symbolic meaning integration in design and its influence on product and brand evaluation. International Journal of Design, 3(2), 19–26. http://www.ijdesign.org/index.php/IJDesign/article/view/566/257
Wright, N., Claiborne, C. B., & Sirgy, M. J. (1992). The Effects of Product Symbolism on Consumer Self-Concept. Advances in Consumer Research, 19, 311–318. https://www.acrwebsite.org/volumes/7315/volumes/v19/NA - 19
Abrams, D. (2016). An Introduction to the Social Identity Approach Societal Cohesion View project Development of subjective group dynamics View project. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/226768706
Achouri, M. A., & Bouslama, N. (2010). The Effect of the Congruence between Brand Personality and Self-Image on Consumer’s Satisfaction and Loyalty: A Conceptual Framework. 2010, 16. https://doi.org/10.5171/2010.627203
Ada Ozdil, M. (2021). The Effect of Clothing as a Marker on Identity (No. 33). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350073072_THE_EFFECT_OF_CLOTHING_AS_A_MARKER_ON_IDENTITY
Allen, M. W. (2002). Human values and product symbolism: Do consumers form product preference by comparing the human values symbolized by a product to the human values that they endorse? Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 32(12), 2475–2501. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1559-1816.2002.TB02752.X
American Marketing Association . (2023). American Marketing Association.
Archer, L., Hollingworth, S., & Halsall, A. (2007). `University’s not for Me — I’m a Nike Person’: Urban, Working-Class Young People’s Negotiations of `Style’, Identity and Educational Engagement. Sociology, 41(2), 219–237. https://doi.org/10.1177/0038038507074798
Assimos, B. M., de Rezende Pinto, M., Leite, R. S., & de Andrade, M. L. (2019). Conspicuous Consumption and its Relation to Brand Consciousness, Status Consumption and Self-Expression. BBR. Brazilian Business Review, 16(4), 350–368. https://doi.org/10.15728/BBR.2019.16.4.3
Astakhova, M., Swimberghe, K. R., & Wooldridge, B. R. (2017). Actual and ideal-self congruence and dual brand passion. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 34(7), 664–672. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCM-10-2016-1985
Baron, R. M., & Kenney, D. A. (1986). The Moderator–Mediator Variable Distinction in Social Psychological Research: Conceptual, Strategic, and Statistical Considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6). https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1987-13085-001
Belk, R. (1985). Materialism: Trait Aspects of Living in the Material World. Article in Journal of Consumer Research. https://doi.org/10.1086/208515
Bojic Olsson, M. (2020). Do You Really Need It? A Qualitative Study of Conspicuous Consumption in Relation to Self-Identity [Lund University]. https://lup.lub.lu.se/luur/download?func=downloadFile&recordOId=9031788&fileOId=9031790
Bouska, M. L., & Bea’m’y, P. A. (1978). Clothing as a Symbol of Status: Its Effect on Control of Interaction Territory. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 11(4), 235–238.
Bronner, F., & De Hoog, R. (2019). Comparing Conspicuous Consumption Across Different Experiential Products: Culture and Leisure. International Journal of Market Research, 61(4), 430–446. https://doi.org/10.1177/1470785318799898
Buckingham, D. (2008). Introducing identity. In Foundation Series on Digital Media and Learning. The MIT Press. https://doi.org/10.1162/dmal.9780262524834.001
Chang, E., Lee, K.-H., Dawson, S., & Cavell, J. (2002). Underlying Values of Prestige Seeking and Its Influence on Brand Loyalty in Clothing Consumption. Journal of Economic Psychology, 5(2), 561–585.
Chaudhuri, H. R., & Majumdar, S. (2006). Of Diamonds and Desires: Understanding Conspicuous Consumption from a Contemporary Marketing Perspective. https://cdn.ymaws.com/www.ams-web.org/resource/resmgr/original_amsr/chaudhuri09-2006.pdf
Chaudhuri, H. R., & Majumdar, S. (2010). Conspicuous consumption: Is that all bad? investigating the alternative paradigm. Vikalpa, 35(4), 53–59. https://doi.org/10.1177/0256090920100405
Chen, E., Yeh, N.-C., & Wang, C.-P. (2008). Conspicuous Consumption: a Preliminary Report of Scale Development and Validation. Advances in Consumer Research, 35, 686–687.
Chen, J. (2002). Chinese identification, acculturation and conspicuous consumption in a multicultural society: a theoretical framework and empirical evidence. https://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/xmlui/handle/10214/20299
Dalla Chiesa, C., & Dekker, E. (2022). Communicating identity: how the symbolic meaning of goods creates different market types. https://doi.org/10.1080/00346764.2021.2019822
Dittmar, H. (2008). Consumer Culture, Identity and Well-Being. Psychology Press.
Dubois, D., & Ordabayeva, N. (2015). Social Hierarchy, Social Status and Status Consumption. In The Cambridge Handbook of Consumer Psychology (pp. 332–367).
Eastman, J. K., Goldsmith, R. E., & Flynn, L. R. (2015). Status Consumption in Consumer Behavior: Scale Development and Validation. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 7(3), 41–52.
Grop, J. Van. (2005). Lifestyles and Social Change. In utupub.fi (pp. 127–158). The Thurku School of Economic and Business Admistration. https://www.utupub.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/113599/Kre11_2005.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Hair, J. F., Page, M., & Brunsveld, N. (2020). Essentials of Business Research Methods (4th ed.). Routledge. https://dr-notes.com/essentials-of-business-research-methods-fourth-edition-mzm
Hogg, M. A. (2016). Social Identity Theory. In Understanding Peace and Conflict Through Social Identity Theory (pp. 3–17). Springer International Publishing Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29869-6_1
Hogg, M. K., Bruce, M., & Hill, A. J. (1998). Fashion Brand Preferences among Young Consumers. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 26(8), 293–300. https://doi.org/10.1108/09590559810231742
Hokkanen, S. (2014). Fashion Brands and Consumption in Postmodern Consumer Culture [The Swedesh School of Textiles, University of Boras]. http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1309958/FULLTEXT01.pdf
Hoo W.C., Xin C.Y., & Moosa V. (2024). Factors influencing brand equity: Testing Aaker’s brand equity framework in Malaysian toy industry. Innovative Marketing , 20(1), 40-50. doi:10.21511/im.20(1).2024.04
Jamal, A., & Goode, M. M. h. (2001). Consumers and Brands: A Study of the Impact of Self-Image Congruence on Brand Preference and Satisfaction. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 19(7), 482–492. https://doi.org/10.1108/02634500110408286
Jenkins, R. (2014). Social identity. Social Identity, 1–251. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315887104/SOCIAL-IDENTITY-RICHARD-JENKINS
Kong, H., Trang, K., & Haile Selassie, E. (2020). Identity and Conspicuous Consumption in Japan and Hong Kong. https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1452140/FULLTEXT01.pdf
Lurie, A. (1981). The Language of Clothes.
Malhotra, N. K., & David, F. B. (2007). Marketing Research: An Applied Orientation (6th ed.).
Memushi, A. (2014). Conspicuous consumption and Albanians: determinant factors. South-Eastern Europe Journal of Economics, 65–87.
Mikhalkin, E. N., Tsikh -, A. K., Prokhorov -, Y. G., Li, B., Lin, Y., Gao, X., Ab Hamid, M. R., Sami, W., & Mohmad Sidek, M. H. (2017). Discriminant validity assessment: Use of Fornell & Larcker criterion versus HTMT criterion. Iopscience.Iop.Org, 890, 12163. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/890/1/012163
Millan, E., & Mittal, B. (2017). Consumer Preference for Status Symbolism of Clothing: The Case of the Czech Republic. Psychology and Marketing, 34(3), 309–322. https://doi.org/10.1002/MAR.20990
Nowakowski, K. R. (2021). New Trends in Consumer Behaviour in 2020–2021: A Comparative Analysis of Marketing Strategies During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Poland and South. /https://www.ersj.eu/journal/2515/download
O’cass, A., & McEwen, H. (2004). Expoloring Consumer Status and Conspicuous Consumption. Journal of Consumer Behavior, 4(1), 25–39. https://doi.org/10.1002/cb.155
Piron, F. (2000). Consumers’ perceptions of the country-of-origin effect on purchasing intentions of (in)conspicuous products. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 17(4), 308–321. https://doi.org/10.1108/07363760010335330
Platte, E. (2008). Ostentation as Lifestyle? Conspicuous Consumption, Identity and Home Culture in Northern Nigeria. Consumerism-in-Africa.De. http://www.consumerism-in-africa.de/Abstracts/04 Platte.pdf
Preacher, K. J., & Leonardelli, G. J. (2010). Calculation for the Sobel Test: An Interactive Calculation Tool for Mediation Tests. https://quantpsy.org/sobel/sobel.htm
Roy Chaudhuri, H., Mazumdar, S., & Ghoshal, A. (2011). Conspicuous consumption orientation: Conceptualisation, scale development and validation. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 10(4), 216–224. https://doi.org/10.1002/CB.364
Samanthi, S. A. G. (2022). Industry Capability Report : Sri Lankan Apparel Sector. https://www.srilankabusiness.com/ebooks/industry-capability-report-apparel-2021.pdf
Sekaran, U. (2003). Research Methods for Business (4th ed.). John Wiley & Sons,Inc. http://www.mim.ac.mw/books/Uma Sekaran Business Research Methods.pdf
ShiYong, Z., JiaYing, L., HaiJian, W., Dukhaykh, S., Lei, W., BiQing, L., & Jie, P. (2022). Do Product Characteristics Affect Customers’ Participation in Virtual Brand Communities? An Empirical Study. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 6038. https://doi.org/10.3389/FPSYG.2021.792706/BIBTEX
Sims-Muhammad, T. Y., Yang, C., Trivedi, C. J., & Yvette Sims-Muhammad, T. (2012). Young Adult Perception and Attitude Toward Conspicuous Consumption and Poverty . Journal of Social Sciences, 8(4), 512–518. https://doi.org/10.3844/jsssp.2012.512.518
Sirgy, M. J. (1982). Self-Concept in Consumer Behavior: A Critical Review. Journal of Consumer Research, 9(3), 287–300. https://academic.oup.com/jcr/article/9/3/287/1795763
Sobel, M. (1982). Asymptotic confidence intervals for indirect effects in structural equation models. JSTOR, 13, 290–312. https://www.jstor.org/stable/270723
Sparby, T., Edelhäuser, F., & Weger, U. W. (2019). The true self. Critique, nature, and method. Frontiers in Psychology, 10(OCT), 2250. https://doi.org/10.3389/FPSYG.2019.02250/BIBTEX
Srikant, M. (2013). Materialism in Consumer Behaviour and Marketing: A Review. Challenges for the Knowledge Society, 8(2), 329–352.
Steffen, D. (2013). Categorizing Product Meaning: An Investigation into the Product Language of Clothing and Fashion. Design and Semantics of Form and Movement, 73–81. https://blog.hslu.ch/product/files/2009/11/productmeaning.pdf
Stets, J. E., & Burke, P. J. (2000). Identity Theory and Social Identity Theory. Social Psychology Quarterly, 63(3), 224–237. http://www.jstor.org/about/terms.html.
Stuart, E. W., & Fuller, B. K. (1991). Clothing as Communication in Two Business-to-Business Sales Settings. Journal of Business Research, 23(3), 269–290. https://doi.org/10.1016/0148-2963(91)90034-U
Sulhaini, Rusdan, Sulaimiah, & Dayani, R. (2022). Global Symbolic-Value Orientation and Positive Electronic Word of Mouth towards Local Fashion Brands. Asia Pacific Management Review, 27(3), 220–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.APMRV.2021.09.003
Tim Kasser, B. (2018). Materialism and Living Well. In E.Diener, S.Oishi, & L.Tay (Eds.), Handbook of Well-Being. https://doi.org/nobascholar.com
Van Rompay, T. J. L., Pruyn, A. T. H., & Tieke, P. (2009). Symbolic meaning integration in design and its influence on product and brand evaluation. International Journal of Design, 3(2), 19–26. http://www.ijdesign.org/index.php/IJDesign/article/view/566/257
Wright, N., Claiborne, C. B., & Sirgy, M. J. (1992). The Effects of Product Symbolism on Consumer Self-Concept. Advances in Consumer Research, 19, 311–318. https://www.acrwebsite.org/volumes/7315/volumes/v19/NA - 19