The production-distribution-consumption cycle is one of the main cycles on which the economy state depends on. This study aims to determine the relationship between production, distribution, and consumption of goods within the central place hierarchies using hierarchical modeling (HLM). It allows us to analyze indicators within several levels of data aggregation. The analysis is carried out in the context of 2319 municipalities that are part of 84 regions of the Russian Federation, in 8 federal districts. The results show that hierarchical analysis methods can be used in the production-distribution-consumption cycle study. As part of the model's results, it was noted that the income of the population and exports, which determine the demands for goods, have a positive impact on the production and sales of goods. At the same time, the relationship between production and wholesale trade, which characterizes the distribution of goods, is not so clear. The production-distribution-consumption cycle study considers the hierarchy of central places, which takes into account the division of the territory into zones based on the functions performed. The methods of hierarchical analysis made it possible to evaluate the effects generated at each level. We managed to take into account the spatial heterogeneity and hierarchical structure of the data describing the production-distribution-consumption cycle. This will improve the quality of decisions when determining the manufacturing locations, as well as providing a better approach to the development of territories by state authorities.

Banking financial performance (BFP) has been recognized as a causation of human resource management (HRM). The causal linkages from HRM practices to BFP are different. Nevertheless, almost none of the studies has ranked and compared this difference among the practices of HRM in enhancing BFP. The current study applied an analytic hierarchy process to rank the relative importance of HRM practices. For the robustness of the results from the process of analytic hierarchy, the current work employed an analytic hierarchy process to reassess the relatively important levels of HRM practices on BFP as well. The findings are robust across both of the techniques. The practice of training and development (TT) plays the most critical part in BFP, followed by the practice of performance evaluation (PN) and the practice of reward system (RM) as the third most important. In contrast, the practice of recruitment and selection (RN) takes the least important position in BFP. Moreover, the findings also provide statistical evidence on the causal links from the practices of HRM to BFP. This work makes some contribution to how managers should decide on HRM practices in order to obtain the best possible BFP.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the reality of strategic auditing in Algerian Water Enterprise of El-Taref. The study is theoretically developed based on three main dimensions, namely; diagnoses, focused analysis, and recommendations. The sample of this study consists of 47 employees in the Algerian Water Enterprise El-Taref. The results of the Factor Analysis, Mean and Coefficient covariance showed that there is an average level of the strategic auditing dimensions. The results of this study are important for policy makers at the country and the company levels in terms of the strategic auditing issues.

Recently, there has been explosive growth in the development of the digital industry concept. One of the most important elements of this concept is the application of mathematical modeling methods and data mining to create models of production processes and final products, with the aim of making decisions under stochastic uncertainty. In this paper, a method of diversifying the investment portfolio in the formation of a digital twin is proposed, which is aimed at reducing the total risk by distributing existing assets (resources, investments, etc.) between the analog and digital enterprises. Three types of scenario are proposed: pessimistic - when an enterprise - a pessimist - does not show risk exposure under this scenario when forming a digital counterpart; neutral - when an enterprise shows a neutral attitude to risk (indifference); optimistic - enterprise - optimist is exposed to risk, in particular the risk of untapped opportunities. The result is a set of optimal portfolios, each reflecting a particular position of the enterprise on the risks of untapped opportunities and a certain scenario of forming a portfolio structure, taking into account the relationship between the individual components of the risks of untapped opportunities. Highlighted the advantages of technology "digital twins" for business. Digital counterparts use the data obtained from sensors installed on production lines or on the basis of the final product to predict equipment malfunctions, optimize product quality and reduce the negative impact of production processes on the environment.

In a market economy, entrepreneurship requires large-scale innovations to maintain competitiveness and high rates of economic growth, and large investments are needed to implement innovations. However, in the process of their activities, investors face increased investment risk and therefore need reliable methods of investment evaluation and investment modeling of innovations in industrial enterprises. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to develop a conceptual model for assessing the investment attractiveness of innovative projects. The article builds a graphical model of investment in an innovative product at different stages of its life cycle. A conceptual structural and mathematical model for assessing the investment attractiveness of innovative projects of industrial enterprises has been developed, which reflected the stages of risk management, phases of the life cycle of the innovation project and the stages of the innovation process. The main idea of the proposed model is to manage investment in innovation based on the impact on the level of specific innovation risks.

This paper was retracted based on the authors' request due to errors in the computations.

The purpose of this study was to determine the rule of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and innovative work behavior (IWB) in mediating the influence of organizational commitment and culture to employee performance with Bank Riau Kepri as the research object. Samples in this study were 105 employees of Bank Riau Kepri. Samples were taken using proportional stratified random sampling technique. Data collecting in this study was done using closed-questionnaires as research instrument. Data collected was analyzed using SmartPLS 3.0 program. The results of this study found that: (1) Organizational commitment variable had not influenced to employee performance, (2) Organizational culture variable had influenced to employee performance, (3) OCB fully mediated the influence of organizational commitment to employee performance, and (4) IWB partially mediated the influence of organizational culture to employee performance.

This study conducted a survey on 243 branches of 32 commercial banks in Ho Chi Minh City in 2016 to explore and measure the composition of social capital affecting capital activities, using capital activities and service provision activities of commercial banks. The paper uses Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), CFA affirmation analysis and the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results show that social capital directly affects all three activities of commercial banks. In addition, the study found that capital activity has a direct impact on using capital, activities of using capital directly affect the provision of services, and capital activities indirectly impact on service provision.

This study attempts to explore the relationship between Human Resource Management Practice, Corporate Social Responsibility, and food processing enterprises’ performance. The sample size was collected from 438 employees and managers in 278 food processing enterprises. Structure Equation Model is the analytical method used in the study to analyze the relationship among the variables in the theoretical framework. The results from this study show that Human Resource Management Practice had a direct impact on some aspects of Corporate Social Responsibility including employees, customers and the environment. The practice of Corporate Social Responsibility had a positive correlation with Organizational Commitment. However, only Corporate Social Responsibility targeted at customers is found to have a direct impact on business performance. This study also shows that although Human Resource Management Practice did not directly affect business performance, it still had an indirect impact through the practice of Corporate Social Responsibility and Organizational Commitment.

The present study aims to determine the effect of a company's life-cycle stage, profitability, institutional ownership, and liquidity on dividend policy as well as the effect of dividend policy on firm value. Data were run through logistic regression analysis and ANNOVA test with total sample data of 31 companies in the consumer goods industry sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange over the period 2014-2018. With control variables consisting of asset growth, corporate debt, and investment cash flow, it is determined that the growth and maturity life-cycle stages as well as return on assets of a company had positive and significant effects on dividend policy. Companies at growth and maturity stages provided dividends since they attempted to show to shareholders that the company was under good financial and profitable conditions. Corporate debt also had a significant effect on dividend policy where the relationship was inversely proportional, meaning that companies with large debt ratios tend not to provide dividends. Other results show that there was a significant difference between dividend policy and firm value. Companies that provide dividends tend to be overvalued since it leads to increase in the confidence of shareholders to invest.

The research was developed with main objective of verifying the effect of perceived transaction speed, performance expectancy and social influence on behavioral intention towards mobile payment services of Cambodian users. A research model was developed in which behavioral intention of mobile payment users was influenced directly by perceived transaction speed, performance expectancy and social influence. The effects of perceived transaction speed on performance expectancy and social influence were analyzed in the research. A successful 210 questionnaires were collected from real mobile payment users in Cambodia. It was identified that behavioral intention was significantly and positively influenced by perceived transaction speed, performance expectancy and social influence. However, the effects of perceived transaction speed on performance expectancy and social influence were not statistically significant. Based on these findings, some recommendations to government, commercial banks and private mobile payment providers in Cambodia were proposed.