Happiness is an ideal condition needed by everyone. In the real life, happiness comes not only from the harmony in the home but also from the exciting environment or atmosphere outside the home, such as impulse buying. When someone makes impulse buying, she could feel the happiness be-cause she gets something she wants. This means that when someone makes a purchase, she will experience happiness. This study aimed to examine the variables that affect impulse buying which may also affect the happiness. It is assumed that the experience and the pleasant shopping atmosphere affect the impulse buying and, as a result, the impulse buying affects happiness. The samples in this study were 150 women making purchases of fashion products at malls in Surabaya. The hypothesis testing was conducted by using Structural Equation Modelling. The test results indicated the hypothesis 1 stating that the experiential marketing influenced the impulse buying and hypothesis 2 stating that the shopping enjoyment affected the impulse buying were accepted. Further, hypothesis 3 were also accepted, stating that the impulse buying influenced happiness.

Excellent healthcare services delivered to patients would not necessarily entail an excellent patient service fulfillment, fulfill patient expectations, and attain high satisfaction levels. Hence, patient satisfaction is multifactorial and difficult to measure. Appliance of satisfaction model, service dissatisfaction and satisfaction feedback are able to translate the nonlinear attributes for a more accurate service dissatisfaction and satisfaction feedback assessment. Service recipients of experienced Inpatient and Outpatient (IOPs) can be translated into levels of compliments and complaints to describe degrees of patient satisfaction and dissatisfaction, respectively. Compliments and complaints voiced by patients should be taken seriously. As a result, the translation of service satisfaction and service dissatisfaction based on compliments and complaints from patients in the form of satisfaction index SCi and dissatisfaction index SCa introduced a new theoretical concept of concurrent and balance measurement in evaluating customer (VOC) or VOPs feedback. In normal practice, the service improvement is usually based on complaints or dissatisfaction aspect, but the compliments or satisfaction aspect on the same service delivery was always neglected. In this study, the formulation which was based on a non-linear assessment, not only amplified the effectiveness in communicating patients’ compliments and complaints in a more receptive manner but also corresponded with Kano model.

In Malaysia, there has been an argument that the Knowledge Management (KM) practice especially in construction industry has not been commensurable with its status as a developing country. Hence, an initiative that aims to appraise the KM practice amongst consultant firms working in industry of construction in Malaysia becomes the focal point of this study. This aim is achieved by fulfilling its objectives of delving into the understanding of consultant firms on KM practices and exploring the critical success factors (CSFs) of KM implementation in Malaysia. In this paper, the data is studied on a number of statistical analysis tools, namely descriptive analysis, reliability analysis and relative important index (RII). The results obtained from the questionnaire survey clearly showed that most respondents made a claim that KM enhances the decision making in the organization and KM spurs innovations. Few respondents disagreed with the components of KM practices, indicating that these respondents may not be well aware of the importance of KM. About the top ranking of CSFs for KM practices implementation, it is found that “continuous organization support”, “leadership demonstration by senior staff/management”, “knowledge and sharing culture”, “execution of plan”, and “continuous learning” make the top five factors very vital to the effective execution of KM by the consultant firms in the construction industry.

Understanding that the measurement of HRM construct in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) context is relatively critical, this study aims to assess the validity and reliability of HRM measure-ment based on the SME owner-managers’ perspective in the Malaysian context. Following a data collection from 95 SME owner-managers, a confirmatory factor analysis was performed to investigate the factorial validity and reliability of the HRM measurement. The finding indicates that the measurement model was acceptable in consideration of the evidences of adequate reliability, convergent validity and discriminant validity. This study will be beneficial for future researchers, entrepreneurs and policy makers in better understanding to the value of HRM practices towards boosting the SMEs performance.

The purpose of this research is to determine the effects of transactional leadership on occupational stress and their effects towards employee work performance using plantation companies in the Riau province as a case study. In this research, the population of the study covers all the plantation company field managers who operate in the Riau province. 196 respondents who were field managers from large plantation companies in the Riau province were taken as sample. The data analysis tech-nique utilized in this research is the Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) analysis using the SPSS AMOS 22 program. The research results reveal that: (1) Transactional leadership has a significant effect on occupational stress. (2).Transactional leadership has no significant effects on work Performance. (3) Occupational stress has a significant effect on work performance.

This paper attempts to identify barriers of social entrepreneurship intention by the moderating role of education amongst research universities in Malaysia. Entrepreneurship is regarded as the major factor for economic development while social entrepreneurship is considered as the alternative method of solving social problems. Entrepreneurship is not new for Malaysia as is evident from various policies and programs initiated by the government. However, social entrepreneurship is a relatively new phenomenon in Malaysian context that requires much attention. To promote entre-preneurship we need to know the barriers influencing on entrepreneurship to overcome the barriers and promote new policies and measures to create new ventures. The study used Ajzen's Theory of Planned Behavior as a framework to investigate the barriers of social entrepreneurship intention. Data was collected through questionnaire and confirmatory factor analysis was conducted by using AMOS 18. The multilevel sampling design was used with purposive sampling scheme in Malaysian research universities. The findings of this study show that overall students consider the lack of competency, lack of self-confidence and lack of resources were the barriers that affect social entrepreneurial intentions. Results also show that the social entrepreneurial education moderated the relationship between the perceived barriers and social entrepreneurial intentions of the students. This implies that teaching of social entrepreneurial can help to reduce perceived barriers. Also, the pre-sent study premises future directions that a cross country analysis between developing countries and between developed and developing countries can be done to figure out barriers of social entrepreneurship intention amongst students.

Compliance fee is the cost incurred by the taxpayers in fulfilling the taxation requirements imposed on the taxpayers by the law and the authority of the country. The company expects to incur the minimum tax costs associated with fulfilling its tax obligations. Research on the influence of business characteristics to tax compliance cost is still scanty. This research examined the effect of business characteristics (age, size, sector and risk management) on tax compliance costs. The research design adopted in this study is survey design. The questionnaires were distributed to the members of De-partment of Cooperatives and Micro Small-Medium Enterprises in Padang City. The non-probability sampling was used as the sampling method and 92 respondents participated in this re-search. The data obtained were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The research findings indicate that age, size and sector have no effect on tax compliance costs while risk management has an effect on tax compliance costs.

The real growth of the economy of street vendors in Badung Market, Bali has been increasing rap-idly from year to year. Based on spiritual motivation, work culture and work ethos, and supported by the level of service quality and customer satisfaction, the research was conducted in relation to spiritual motivation, work culture and work ethos as predictors of merchant satisfaction through service quality of street vendors in Badung market. The population of the research was the entire street vendors in Badung Market. The numbers of qualified sample were 140 respondents. The var-iable measurement was conducted by using the Likert scale. The study used the structural equation modeling (SEM) for model analysis. The results showed that the effect of spiritual Motivation variable on Service Quality variable was significant and positive. The effect of work Culture variable on Service Quality variable is significant positive. The effect of Work Ethos variable on Service Quality variable is significant and positive. Spiritual Motivation latent variable on Merchants Satisfaction variable is significant and positive. The effect of Work Culture variable on Merchants Satisfaction variable is significant and positive. The effect of Work Ethic variable on Merchants Satisfaction variable is significant and positive. The effect of Service Quality variable on Merchants Satisfaction variable is significant and positive. Thus, It can be stated that the merchant satisfaction changes are affected by spiritual motivation, work culture, work ethos and that the street vendor improve service quality.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the foreign tourist’s attitude to the elements of the tourist development in Medan. The sample size includes 80 foreign tourists who visited the tourist objects in Medan, Indonesia. A Multi-attribute Attitude Model (MAM) is used to measure the consumer’s attitude. There are 10 (ten) attributes that form the elements of the development of the tourism in Medan, including tourist object in Medan, the attraction of tourist object, the road conditions, the telephone network, means of transportation, the hotel service, the system of transport stripe, the se-curity system, the hospitality of the society and the cleanliness of environment. The results show that the hospitality of the society in Medan maintained the highest value (16.38) while the road rep-resented the lowest value (-0.47). The results help the government of Medan in making policy about tourism and preparing the steps of tourism development.

Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) play a major role in most developing countries because they are able to improve and develop the economy. e-Commerce is also an important topic in vari-ous research fields as it brings about benefits to these countries. However, the adoption of e-Commerce by SMEs in developing countries is low due to several factors. Therefore, a parsimony framework has been proposed to investigate the factors which influence the adoption of e-Commerce among SMEs in West Malaysia. Three factors are considered in this research, namely Perceived Barriers, Organization Readiness, and Competitor Pressures. Questionnaires were used for data collection while SmartPLS was used to analyze the data. The results showed that Perceived Barriers contain negative significant influence on the adoption of e-Commerce among medium-sized SMEs, but not for small-sized SMEs. Organization Readiness shows a huge difference between small and medium-sized SMEs. Competitor Pressures are important for both small and medium-sized SMEs. In conclusion, the results obtained will assist and enable stakeholders to restructure e-Commerce applications which fulfill the needs of their organization and therefore, increase the effectiveness of the organization.