This study aims to identify the impact of knowledge management through its dimensions; namely knowledge creation, storage knowledge, knowledge sharing, knowledge application and technology knowledge on organizational effectiveness based on the managers’ attitudes in private banks in the Erbil city in Kurdistan region, Iraq. To achieve the study objectives, a questionnaire was constructed consisting of (40) questions distributed to a sample of (80) managers and supervisors, (76) of which were returned, while (69) were valid for statistical analysis. The main objective of this study is to design a default model and test in the study field in order to understand how managers can successfully implement the knowledge man-agement to achieve the organizational effectiveness. The study found that knowledge management had an impact on organizational effectiveness according to the study samples per-spectives. Based on the results, the study presents a set of recommendations regarding the knowledge management which most importantly the private banks should adopt in a logical sequence. This could contribute in achieving an organizational environment supportive of enabling an environment to the practice of radical changes.

This study investigates the impacts of service quality of Jordanian telecommunication and customer satisfaction on customer loyalty. The study also studies though the role of switching cost as a moderate variable. Lack of studies in the field of quality in Jordanian telecommunication is the main reason for this investigation. The study investigates the impacts based on the employees’ point of views in Aqaba special economic zone authority (ASEZA). Therefore, the study uses statistical data gathered through a questionnaire distributed to the employees of ASEZA. Thus, statistical methods are used to analyze the data collected and the hypotheses are tested. The study results show that there was a direct positive impact of service quality of Jordanian telecommunication and customer satisfaction on customer loyalty. In addition, the moderator model (Switching cost) has significant positive impacts on enhancing the relationship between service quality and customer satisfaction towards customer loyalty.

Entrepreneurial universities can be considered a new topic that needs greater attention. Many researchers believe that universities can and must have a more important cultural and economic impact. This study seeks to develop and analyze entrepreneurial universities profile using entrepreneurial orientations in order to define an integrative process for entrepreneurial universities. This involves identifying dimensions, mechanisms, and steps for entrepreneurial universities as well as establishing a strategy and plans for universities such as Qassim University or the College of Business and Economics (CBE). To achieve this objective, this study adopted a quantitative approach based on a questionnaire. Data was collected from 210 respondents who were practitioners and academics to discover the effect of the influential factors and entrepreneurial university orientation on the entrepreneurship and innovativeness indexes. The collected data was analyzed using AMOS 24- SEM with a moderating effect. The findings revealed that CBE, in line with strategic planning and the importance of entrepreneurship in Vision 2030, tended towards developing an entrepreneurial orientation and inte-grated some good practices for the integrative process for entrepreneurial universities (IPEU). The main contribution of this paper was the identification of a path diagram and adequate practices for achieving entrepreneurial university standards. Overall, the findings explicate the importance of this step in terms of cultural, economic, and social impacts. If the findings of this study are tenaciously implemented, this may help Qassim University move towards a higher level of excellence and competitiveness based on entrepreneurship actions. Entrepreneurial university orientation seems to be important for the development of this process. In other words, to become entrepreneurial we must, in the first step, integrate this new approach to determine how to use resources and factors.

This research is conducted to analyze and point out the relationship between environmental pollution and aquaculture development in the coastal areas in Vietnam. In this study, we use the binary Logit model (Y = 1/0) where the variable, Y, reflects the risks and losses in the household's aquaculture; and X is a vector of factors affecting the event. The results show that, among determinants, household's aquaculture experience (X1), the water pollution degree of the household (X4), intensive farming mode of the household (D1) influence household losses, while other variables such as educational attainment of the household head (X2) and farming area (X3) are not correlated with household losses. Based on the findings, some recommendations are given in the aspect that aquaculture households in the region to use new, more effective methods to protect the aquaculture environment in developing countries, including Vietnam.

The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) on differentiation strategy. In this study, the components of EO are innovativeness, proactiveness and risk-taking. On the other hand, differentiation strategy indicates the product, process, market and brand differentiation. The study uses survey questionnaire for data collection. The data are collected from Muslim entrepreneurs of the apparel industry from Bangladesh. The study uses 339 data to conduct the research. After data collection, SmartPLS is applied for quantitative analysis to examine the effect of EO on differentiation strategy. The study indicates a positive and significant effect of innovativeness, proactiveness and risk-taking (EO) on differentiation strategy. Among the three components of EO, proactiveness is found the most significant component on differentiation strategy followed by innovativeness and risk-taking.

This study aims to examine the influence of HRM practices (employees’ empowerment, job security, and employees’ participation) and employees’ satisfaction on intention to leave and the mediating role of employees’ satisfaction from the perspective of faculty members in private universities in Kuwait. The survey questionnaire was gathered from 261 faculty members who were working in four private universities in Kuwait. The study used the software SmartPLS (version 3.2.8) to test the study hypotheses. The findings indicate that HRM practices (employees’ empowerment and job security) and employees’ satisfaction had negative effects on intention to leave, and employees’ satisfaction partially mediated the relationship between HRM practices (employees’ empowerment and job security) and intention to leave. Future studies may include other samples as public universities or other sectors in Kuwait such as the education sector or health care sector.

This paper investigates the effects of different dimensions of innovation on the competitive advantage of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The main dimensions of the innovation retained in this study are related to different types of innovation, innovation activities, sources of internal and external information, and public support for innovation. In this study, we rely on the principal component analysis of innovation applied to a sample of 231 Tunisian SMEs. The results show that product innovation, organizational innovation and innovation activities were the key variables for enhancing the competitive advantage of SMEs. In contrast, external sources of information have no effects on the SMEs competitive advantage. The originality of this research is to provide a multidimensional framework of the effects of innovation on the competitive position of SMEs.