How to cite this paper
Suhud, U., Allan, M., Prihandono, D & Monoarfa, T. (2023). We are cyborgs: The role of narcissism and self-esteem to become social media and tourism addicts.International Journal of Data and Network Science, 7(1), 73-82.
Refrences
Acar, I. H., Avcılar, G., & Bostancı, S. (2020). The roles of adolescents’ emotional problems and social media addiction on their self-esteem. Current Psychology, 1–10.
Barnett, M. D., & Powell, H. A. (2016). Self-esteem mediates narcissism and aggression among women, but not men: A comparison of two theoretical models of narcissism among college students. Personality and Individual Differences, 89, 100–104.
Bashagi, A., & Muchapondwa, E. (2009). What actions could boost international tourism demand for Tanzania? Studies in Economics and Econometrics, 33(2), 59–75.
Bender, K., & Furman, R. (2004). The implications of sex tourism on men’s social, psychological, and physical health. The Qualitative Report, 9(2), 176–191.
Błachnio, A., Przepiorka, A., Benvenuti, M., Mazzoni, E., & Seidman, G. (2019). Relations between Facebook intrusion, Internet addiction, life satisfaction, and self-esteem: a study in Italy and the USA. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 17(4), 793–805.
Brailovskaia, J., Bierhoff, H.-W., Rohmann, E., Raeder, F., & Margraf, J. (2020). The relationship between narcissism, intensity of Facebook use, Facebook flow and Facebook addiction. Addictive Behaviors Reports, 11, 100265.
Brown, R. I. F. (1993). Some contributions of the study of gambling to the study of other addictions. Gambling Behavior and Problem Gambling, 1, 241–272.
Burgmer, P., Weiss, A., & Ohmann, K. (2021). I don’t feel ya: How narcissism shapes empathy. Self and Identity, 20(2), 199–215.
Busalim, A. H., Masrom, M., & Zakaria, W. N. B. W. (2019). The impact of Facebook addiction and self-esteem on students’ academic performance: A multi-group analysis. Computers & Education, 142, 103651.
Cai, Z., Gui, Y., Wang, D., Yang, H., Mao, P., & Wang, Z. (2021). Body image dissatisfaction and impulse buying: A moderated mediation model. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 653559.
Cohen, S. A., Higham, J. E. S., & Cavaliere, C. T. (2011). Binge flying: Behavioural addiction and climate change. Annals of Tourism Research, 38(3), 1070–1089.
Çutuk, Z. A. (2021). Investigating the relationship among social media addiction, cognitive absorption, and self-esteem. Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Technology, 9(2), 42–51.
D’Arienzo, M. C., Boursier, V., & Griffiths, M. D. (2019). Addiction to social media and attachment styles: A systematic literature review. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 17(4), 1094–1118.
Demircioğlu, Z. I., & Göncü Köse, A. (2021). Effects of attachment styles, dark triad, rejection sensitivity, and relationship satisfaction on social media addiction: A mediated model. Current Psychology, 40(1), 414–428.
Dobson, C., Goudy, W. J., Keith, P. M., & Powers, E. (1979). Further analysis of Rosenberg’s Self-esteem Scale. Psychological Reports, 44(2), 639–641.
Dutot, V. (2020). A social identity perspective of social media’s impact on satisfaction with life. Psychology & Marketing, 37(6), 759–772.
Emmons, R. A. (1984). Factor analysis and construct validity of the narcissistic personality inventory\. Journal of Personality Assessment, 48(3), 291–300.
Griffiths, M. (2005). A ‘components’ model of addiction within a biopsychosocial framework. Journal of Substance Use, 10(4), 191–197.
Griffiths, M. D. (2017). A brief critique of ‘flying addiction’. Global Journal of Addiction & Rehabilitation Medicine, 3(1), 555602.
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2016). Multivariate data analysis (8th ed.). Cengage Learning.
Hawi, N. S., & Samaha, M. (2017). The relations among social media addiction, self-esteem, and life satisfaction in university students. Social Science Computer Review, 35(5), 576–586.
Hu, Li-tze, & Bentler, P. M. (1995). Structural equation modeling: Concepts, issues, and applications. In R. H. Hoyle (Ed.), Evaluating model fit (pp. 76–99). Sage.
Hu, Li‐tze, & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1–55.
Huang, Z., & Benyoucef, M. (2013). From e-commerce to social commerce: A close look at design features. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 12(4), 246–259.
Iranmanesh, M., Foroughi, B., Nikbin, D., & Hyun, S. S. (2021). Shyness, self-esteem, and loneliness as causes of FA: The moderating effect of low self-control. Current Psychology, 40(11), 5358–5369.
Järvinen, J., Tollinen, A., Karjaluoto, H., & Jayawardhena, C. (2012). Digital and social media marketing usage in B2B industrial section. Marketing Management Journal, 22(2), 102–117.
Kavaklı, M., & Ünal, G. (2021). The effects of social comparison on the relationships among social media addiction, self-esteem, and general belongingness levels. Current Issues in Personality Psychology, 9(2), 114–124.
Kesenheimer, J. S., & Greitemeyer, T. (2021). Greenwash yourself: The relationship between communal and agentic narcissism and pro-environmental behavior. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 75, 101621.
Khan, N. A., Khan, A. N., & Moin, M. F. (2021). Self-regulation and social media addiction: A multi-wave data analysis in China. Technology in Society, 64, 101527.
Kircaburun, K. (2016). Self-esteem, daily internet use and social media addiction as predictors of depression among Turkish adolescents. Journal of Education and Practice, 7(24), 64–72.
Koçak, O., İlme, E., & Younis, M. Z. (2021). Mediating role of satisfaction with life in the effect of self-esteem and education on social media addiction in Turkey. Sustainability, 13(16), 9097.
Kritzinger, W. T., & Weideman, M. (2013). Search engine optimization and pay-per-click marketing strategies. Journal of Organizational Computing and Electronic Commerce, 23(3), 273–286.
LaRose, R., Lin, C. A., & Eastin, M. S. (2003). Unregulated internet usage: Addiction, habit, or deficient self-regulation? Media Psychology, 5(3), 225–253.
Le, M. T. H. (2021). The impact of brand love on brand loyalty: The moderating role of self-esteem, and social influences. Spanish Journal of Marketing-ESIC.
Lee, C. J., Noh, E. J., & Choi, J. W. (2016). The addiction phenomenon and travel: An exploratory study. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 9(26), 1–13.
Lee, S. (2020). A study on the effect of comparison with others and social support on life satisfaction of Facebook. Advances in Journalism and Communication, 8(01), 1–15.
Narang, R. (2016). Understanding purchase intention towards Chinese products: Role of ethnocentrism, animosity, status and self-esteem. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 32, 253–261.
Nevicka, B., Baas, M., & Ten Velden, F. S. (2016). The bright side of threatened narcissism: Improved performance following ego threat. Journal of Personality, 84(6), 809–823.
Raja Kamal, C., & Retheesh, P. T. (2023). A study on addiction and isolation in virtual reality tourism experiences. In B. Alareeni & A. Hamdan (Eds.), International Conference on Business and Technology 2022 (pp. 351–357). Springer.
Saneinia, S., Zhou, R., Gholizadeh, A., & Asmi, F. (2022). Immersive media-based tourism emerging challenge of VR addiction among generation Z. Frontiers in Public Health, 10(July), 1–10.
Schermelleh-Engel, K., Moosbrugger, H., & Müller, H. (2003). Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: Tests of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures. Methods of Psychological Research Online, 8(2), 23–74.
Suhud, U., & Allan, M. (2020). Search, action, and share: The online behaviour relating to mobile instant messaging app in the tourism context. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, X10(4), 903–912.
Tabachnick, B. G., Fidell, L. S., & Ullman, J. B. (2007). Using multivariate statistics (Vol. 5). Pearson Boston, MA.
Tutgun-Ünal, A., & Deniz, L. (2015). Development of the social media addiction scale. AJIT-e: Bilişim Teknolojileri Online Dergisi, 6(21), 51–70.
Wiyanto, T., Luck, E., & Mathews, S. (2011). From cyber to cyborg: The influence of motivation and personality traits on the merging of consumer and technology. Marketing in the Age of Consumerism: Jekyll or Hyde? Proceedings of the 2011 Australian and New Zealand Marketing Academy Conference, 1–9.
Yang, C., Zhou, Y., Cao, Q., Xia, M., & An, J. (2019). The relationship between self-control and self-efficacy among patients with substance use disorders: Resilience and self-esteem as mediators. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10, 388.
Yodi, H. P., Widyastuti, S., & Noor, L. S. (2020). The effects of content and influencer marketing on purchasing decisions of fashion Erigo company. Dinasti International Journal of Economics, Finance & Accounting, 1(2), 345–357.
Yoon, Y., Chastagner, K., & Joo, J. (2020). Inner-self vs. outer-self and socially responsible product consumption. Sustainability, 12(22), 9362.
Young, M., Higham, J. E. S., & Reis, A. C. (2014). ‘Up in the air’: A conceptual critique of flying addiction. Annals of Tourism Research, 49, 51–64.
Yousaf, A. A. A., Hamza, A., Ghayas, S., Niazi, S., & Khan, A. (2015). Relationship between Attachment styles and social media addiction among young adults: Mediating role of Self-esteem. PLOS One, July, 1–13.
Zhang, Y., Mei, S., Li, L., Chai, J., Li, J., & Du, H. (2015). The relationship between impulsivity and internet addiction in Chinese college students: A moderated mediation analysis of meaning in life and self-esteem. PloS One, 10(7), e0131597.
Barnett, M. D., & Powell, H. A. (2016). Self-esteem mediates narcissism and aggression among women, but not men: A comparison of two theoretical models of narcissism among college students. Personality and Individual Differences, 89, 100–104.
Bashagi, A., & Muchapondwa, E. (2009). What actions could boost international tourism demand for Tanzania? Studies in Economics and Econometrics, 33(2), 59–75.
Bender, K., & Furman, R. (2004). The implications of sex tourism on men’s social, psychological, and physical health. The Qualitative Report, 9(2), 176–191.
Błachnio, A., Przepiorka, A., Benvenuti, M., Mazzoni, E., & Seidman, G. (2019). Relations between Facebook intrusion, Internet addiction, life satisfaction, and self-esteem: a study in Italy and the USA. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 17(4), 793–805.
Brailovskaia, J., Bierhoff, H.-W., Rohmann, E., Raeder, F., & Margraf, J. (2020). The relationship between narcissism, intensity of Facebook use, Facebook flow and Facebook addiction. Addictive Behaviors Reports, 11, 100265.
Brown, R. I. F. (1993). Some contributions of the study of gambling to the study of other addictions. Gambling Behavior and Problem Gambling, 1, 241–272.
Burgmer, P., Weiss, A., & Ohmann, K. (2021). I don’t feel ya: How narcissism shapes empathy. Self and Identity, 20(2), 199–215.
Busalim, A. H., Masrom, M., & Zakaria, W. N. B. W. (2019). The impact of Facebook addiction and self-esteem on students’ academic performance: A multi-group analysis. Computers & Education, 142, 103651.
Cai, Z., Gui, Y., Wang, D., Yang, H., Mao, P., & Wang, Z. (2021). Body image dissatisfaction and impulse buying: A moderated mediation model. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 653559.
Cohen, S. A., Higham, J. E. S., & Cavaliere, C. T. (2011). Binge flying: Behavioural addiction and climate change. Annals of Tourism Research, 38(3), 1070–1089.
Çutuk, Z. A. (2021). Investigating the relationship among social media addiction, cognitive absorption, and self-esteem. Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Technology, 9(2), 42–51.
D’Arienzo, M. C., Boursier, V., & Griffiths, M. D. (2019). Addiction to social media and attachment styles: A systematic literature review. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 17(4), 1094–1118.
Demircioğlu, Z. I., & Göncü Köse, A. (2021). Effects of attachment styles, dark triad, rejection sensitivity, and relationship satisfaction on social media addiction: A mediated model. Current Psychology, 40(1), 414–428.
Dobson, C., Goudy, W. J., Keith, P. M., & Powers, E. (1979). Further analysis of Rosenberg’s Self-esteem Scale. Psychological Reports, 44(2), 639–641.
Dutot, V. (2020). A social identity perspective of social media’s impact on satisfaction with life. Psychology & Marketing, 37(6), 759–772.
Emmons, R. A. (1984). Factor analysis and construct validity of the narcissistic personality inventory\. Journal of Personality Assessment, 48(3), 291–300.
Griffiths, M. (2005). A ‘components’ model of addiction within a biopsychosocial framework. Journal of Substance Use, 10(4), 191–197.
Griffiths, M. D. (2017). A brief critique of ‘flying addiction’. Global Journal of Addiction & Rehabilitation Medicine, 3(1), 555602.
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2016). Multivariate data analysis (8th ed.). Cengage Learning.
Hawi, N. S., & Samaha, M. (2017). The relations among social media addiction, self-esteem, and life satisfaction in university students. Social Science Computer Review, 35(5), 576–586.
Hu, Li-tze, & Bentler, P. M. (1995). Structural equation modeling: Concepts, issues, and applications. In R. H. Hoyle (Ed.), Evaluating model fit (pp. 76–99). Sage.
Hu, Li‐tze, & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1–55.
Huang, Z., & Benyoucef, M. (2013). From e-commerce to social commerce: A close look at design features. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 12(4), 246–259.
Iranmanesh, M., Foroughi, B., Nikbin, D., & Hyun, S. S. (2021). Shyness, self-esteem, and loneliness as causes of FA: The moderating effect of low self-control. Current Psychology, 40(11), 5358–5369.
Järvinen, J., Tollinen, A., Karjaluoto, H., & Jayawardhena, C. (2012). Digital and social media marketing usage in B2B industrial section. Marketing Management Journal, 22(2), 102–117.
Kavaklı, M., & Ünal, G. (2021). The effects of social comparison on the relationships among social media addiction, self-esteem, and general belongingness levels. Current Issues in Personality Psychology, 9(2), 114–124.
Kesenheimer, J. S., & Greitemeyer, T. (2021). Greenwash yourself: The relationship between communal and agentic narcissism and pro-environmental behavior. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 75, 101621.
Khan, N. A., Khan, A. N., & Moin, M. F. (2021). Self-regulation and social media addiction: A multi-wave data analysis in China. Technology in Society, 64, 101527.
Kircaburun, K. (2016). Self-esteem, daily internet use and social media addiction as predictors of depression among Turkish adolescents. Journal of Education and Practice, 7(24), 64–72.
Koçak, O., İlme, E., & Younis, M. Z. (2021). Mediating role of satisfaction with life in the effect of self-esteem and education on social media addiction in Turkey. Sustainability, 13(16), 9097.
Kritzinger, W. T., & Weideman, M. (2013). Search engine optimization and pay-per-click marketing strategies. Journal of Organizational Computing and Electronic Commerce, 23(3), 273–286.
LaRose, R., Lin, C. A., & Eastin, M. S. (2003). Unregulated internet usage: Addiction, habit, or deficient self-regulation? Media Psychology, 5(3), 225–253.
Le, M. T. H. (2021). The impact of brand love on brand loyalty: The moderating role of self-esteem, and social influences. Spanish Journal of Marketing-ESIC.
Lee, C. J., Noh, E. J., & Choi, J. W. (2016). The addiction phenomenon and travel: An exploratory study. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 9(26), 1–13.
Lee, S. (2020). A study on the effect of comparison with others and social support on life satisfaction of Facebook. Advances in Journalism and Communication, 8(01), 1–15.
Narang, R. (2016). Understanding purchase intention towards Chinese products: Role of ethnocentrism, animosity, status and self-esteem. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 32, 253–261.
Nevicka, B., Baas, M., & Ten Velden, F. S. (2016). The bright side of threatened narcissism: Improved performance following ego threat. Journal of Personality, 84(6), 809–823.
Raja Kamal, C., & Retheesh, P. T. (2023). A study on addiction and isolation in virtual reality tourism experiences. In B. Alareeni & A. Hamdan (Eds.), International Conference on Business and Technology 2022 (pp. 351–357). Springer.
Saneinia, S., Zhou, R., Gholizadeh, A., & Asmi, F. (2022). Immersive media-based tourism emerging challenge of VR addiction among generation Z. Frontiers in Public Health, 10(July), 1–10.
Schermelleh-Engel, K., Moosbrugger, H., & Müller, H. (2003). Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: Tests of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures. Methods of Psychological Research Online, 8(2), 23–74.
Suhud, U., & Allan, M. (2020). Search, action, and share: The online behaviour relating to mobile instant messaging app in the tourism context. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, X10(4), 903–912.
Tabachnick, B. G., Fidell, L. S., & Ullman, J. B. (2007). Using multivariate statistics (Vol. 5). Pearson Boston, MA.
Tutgun-Ünal, A., & Deniz, L. (2015). Development of the social media addiction scale. AJIT-e: Bilişim Teknolojileri Online Dergisi, 6(21), 51–70.
Wiyanto, T., Luck, E., & Mathews, S. (2011). From cyber to cyborg: The influence of motivation and personality traits on the merging of consumer and technology. Marketing in the Age of Consumerism: Jekyll or Hyde? Proceedings of the 2011 Australian and New Zealand Marketing Academy Conference, 1–9.
Yang, C., Zhou, Y., Cao, Q., Xia, M., & An, J. (2019). The relationship between self-control and self-efficacy among patients with substance use disorders: Resilience and self-esteem as mediators. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10, 388.
Yodi, H. P., Widyastuti, S., & Noor, L. S. (2020). The effects of content and influencer marketing on purchasing decisions of fashion Erigo company. Dinasti International Journal of Economics, Finance & Accounting, 1(2), 345–357.
Yoon, Y., Chastagner, K., & Joo, J. (2020). Inner-self vs. outer-self and socially responsible product consumption. Sustainability, 12(22), 9362.
Young, M., Higham, J. E. S., & Reis, A. C. (2014). ‘Up in the air’: A conceptual critique of flying addiction. Annals of Tourism Research, 49, 51–64.
Yousaf, A. A. A., Hamza, A., Ghayas, S., Niazi, S., & Khan, A. (2015). Relationship between Attachment styles and social media addiction among young adults: Mediating role of Self-esteem. PLOS One, July, 1–13.
Zhang, Y., Mei, S., Li, L., Chai, J., Li, J., & Du, H. (2015). The relationship between impulsivity and internet addiction in Chinese college students: A moderated mediation analysis of meaning in life and self-esteem. PloS One, 10(7), e0131597.