This study examines the relationship between corporate governance’s mechanisms and liquidity of stocks on 66 selected firms listed on Tehran Stock Exchange over the period 2005-2009. Board composition and ownership structure are used as corporate governance’s mechanisms and illiquidity measure proposed by Amihud (2002) [Amihud, Y. (2002). Illiquidity and stock returns: cross-section and time-series effects. Journal of financial markets, 5(1), 31-56.] is used to measure stock liquidity. The results show that an increase on the number of independent boards is associated with higher liquidity. In addition, the results show that there was a significant relationship between liquidity and ownership structure. In other words, the relationships between liquidity and individual investors and five biggest investors are positive and the relationships between liquidity and institutional ownership and the biggest investor ownership are negative. In addition, there is not a significant relationship between liquidity and duality of managers.

This paper presents a new basic clustering algorithm to increase the wireless sensor networks energy and longevity, efficiently. In each period, cluster heads are selected based on the maximum energy and the minimum distance through the nodes. Therefore, the protocol to obtain good performance in terms of longevity is achieved by balancing the energy load among all nodes. The simulation results obtained from the MATLAB software indicate that the suggested approach is effective in prolonging the network longevity.

Today, human resources are considered as the most important assets of any organization. Generally, human being has specific ethical features on personality characteristics forming the attitude, speech and behavior. It is possible that some factors create different attitudes, speech and behavior among people who are in one particular position. These human characteristics influence the efficiency and effectiveness of organization. The present study aims to investigate the relationship between work ethics and human resources productivity in banking network of city of Zahedan, Iran. The study chooses a sample of 236 employees who worked for different banks in city of Zahedan, Iran in 2013. To analyze the data, Pearson correlation test, Friedman ranking and independent t-test were used. The results show that there was a significant association between work ethics components and productivity (efficiency and effectiveness) of human resources.

This paper investigates the effects of government trade policies as well as the rules and regulations on smuggling cosmetic products in Iran. The study considers the effects of five important factors including high tariffs and bureaucratic procedures, registration process, size and expire date, lack of accurate monitoring of distribution channels and government recent regulation failure on growth of smuggling cosmetic products in Iran. The proposed study uses structural equation modeling to examine the effects of these five components. The results indicate a positive and meaningful relationships between four variables including registration process (B = 0.84, P-value = 0.000), size and expire date (B = 0.86, P-value = 0.000), high rate of tariff (B = 0.88, P-value = 0.000) and government recent regulation failure (B = 0.97, P-value = 0.000) on growth of smuggling cosmetic products in Iran. In addition, the study has detected a negative and meaningful relationship between lack of accurate monitoring of distribution channels and growth of smuggling cosmetic products in Iran (B = -0.18, P-value = 0.000).

Among various indices of job attitudes, job satisfaction has gained especial attention by researchers and employers. Its measurement dates back to older times and the investigation of the influential factors on it are newer. Furthermore, because of its influences on organizations and people, job satisfaction has gained an increasing importance. Among various influential factors on job satisfaction and job turn over, the effect of individual personalities and psychological Well-Being is undeniable. In this article, we identify and categorize the significant factors in the four elements of job turnover, job satisfaction, individual traits and psychological Well-Being. We investigate nine factors of job satisfaction with 36 questions, two factors of the field of job turnover with seven questions, individual personalities with forty four questions and psychological Well-Being with eighteen questions and categorize them after doing a factor analysis. In this categorization, the dimensions of job satisfaction are reduced to seven dimensions. Job turnover is provided into two new dimensions. Individual personalities are categorized in eight main dimensions and the dimensions of psychological Well-Being are reduced to four dimensions. The data of this research has been gathered from 199 employees of Tehran city hall.

This paper presents an empirical investigation to study the effects of firm and management team’s characteristics to develop food industry. The proposed study considers four factors associated with firms and 9 factors, which are related to management team’s characteristics. There were 50 firms in food industry in province of Tehran, Iran and the study has been accomplished among all 50 existing firms. For each firm, between 2-3 questionnaires were distributed among experts in each firm. Cronbach alpha has been calculated as 0.879, which is well above the minimum acceptable level. The results indicate that management knowledge about export market was number one important factor followed by the level of technology used, competitive advantage, believe in being profitable.

This paper presents a social work study on relationship between various family characteristics and street children in rural area as well as city of Esfahan, Iran. The proposed study selects a sample of 150 street children, 75 from city and 75 from rural area, and using some statistical tests verifies the effects of three factors including family income, place of residency and family size on street children. The results indicate that the city residence had more street children than rural residence did. In addition, there was a meaningful difference between the number of street children in low-income families and high-income families. Finally, the survey results indicate that big size families more likely suffered from street children than low size families did.

One of the primary issues in handling demands for auto parts in the world is to build a mutual trust between consumers and vendors. When people trust a brand, they purchase more easily and it is possible to develop market. In Iran, there is a growing interest in demand for auto parts and each year, tens of millions of auto parts are getting sold. This paper presents an empirical investigation to detect the effects of brand image on demand for auto parts. Using a sample of 202 randomly selected people who buy/sell auto parts in city of Tehran, Iran, the study determines three variables including brand strength, brand attributes and consumer trust through the implementation of structural equation modeling.

At the beginning of third millennium, the world of sport has been experiencing new marketing techniques to introduce products and services. The purpose of this study was to compare advertising and sales promotion strategies, the effects of different strategies in sport production companies to retain or to gain market share among selected firms, which were active in Iran. The method of survey was descriptive – analytical and some questionnaires were used for collecting data in Likert scale. The validity of the questionnaire were estimated by interview with professors and exports in marketing and sport marketing and the reliability was assessed by using Cronbach & apos; s alpha (?= 0.89). Statistical population of the study includes Sport Goods-Producing companies in Iran (N= 180) and 122 firms formed the study sample. For testing the hypothesis, we have used Paired Samples T-Test. The analysis of findings showed that there was a meaningful difference between using advertising and sales promotion strategies. In general, we can say, there are some limited applications of using techniques and methods of sales promotion strategies in Iranian sport industry and methods of advertising. Consequently, regarding the intense competition among companies as well as fast growth of markets and fast changes in consumer’s behavior, identifying the best methods for corresponding relationship to customer would be required.