The main goal of this research is to compare the various optimization strategies (Response Surface Methodology, Taguchi, and Teaching Learning Based Optimization) for orthogonal turning of Hard to Machine materials. The workpiece material in this work is Ti6Al4V alloys. After selecting cutting speeds in the High-Speed Machining range, orthogonal turning tests are performed on the material for a specific combination of machining parameters – Depth of Cut, Cutting Speed, and, Feed Rate. A Lathe Tool Dynamometer is used to record the cutting forces from the trials. After combining Johnson Cook Material and Damage models, a comprehensive Finite Element Model is created to model the Orthogonal Turning of Ti6Al4V alloys. Experiments conducted previously validate the developed model. Three different strategies, namely RSM, Taguchi, and TLBO, were used to optimise machining parameters for minimal Cutting Force. The approaches are compared for the best combination of machining parameters and the best Cutting Force value. Analysis of Variance is used to study the impact of machining factors on Cutting Force.

Analyzing a drug over its overlapped spectra utilizes sophisticated instruments and more toxic solvents, which has a deleterious effect on environmental safety. There is an alarming need to develop a simple, novel, and cost-effective method for determining combined substances that are non-toxic to the environment. So, the study aimed to develop four simple, fast and eco-friendly spectrophotometric techniques for quantifying clotrimazole and tinidazole in bulk and ointment dosage form. Stock solutions produced at concentrations of 7 to 13 and 17.5 to 32.5 µg/mL of clotrimazole and tinidazole in 10% v/v ethanol and scanned in the UV-visible range 200-450 nm, and used for all methods. The methods were validated according to the International Council for Harmonization guidelines and found to be within limits. Additionally, the outliers were tested by using the Grubbers test and found within limits. Finally, green evaluation studies show that the method is more environmentally friendly, as confirmed by four assessment tools.

The decision to purchase the best available electric power wheelchair (EPWC) for a person with a disability in a low-resource context is very stressful, whether it is based on financial circumstances or the availability of medical solutions. The study's objective is to assess the EPWC options available on the market, focused on a set of conflicting criteria. In this research, three multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approaches are used to make decisions. ENTROPY method for weightage calculation of various parameters, COPRAS and EDAS methods for evaluating and ranking alternatives are applied. Both COPRAS and EDAS are applied separately for ranking of selected wheelchair models, and to check the robustness of the applied method, sensitivity analysis on cost criterion is carried out. The result shows that for both methods, EPWC-1 is the top priority model to buy, whereas EPWC-7 is the worst model for COPRAS, and EPWC-10 is the worst model for EDAS among the ten alternatives.

In this study, Carbon, Glass, and Aramid fiber reinforced composite and their hybridized forms were fabricated using five different stacking sequences of the fabrics. Using the Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding (VARTM) procedure, epoxy resin was injected into these fabrics and allowed to cure at room temperature. From these five stacking sequences, a standard specimen with four different orientations viz. 0/90°, 15/75°, 30/60°, 45/-45° orientations were obtained using the Abrasive Water Jet Machining(AWJM) Process. The influence of stacking order and fiber orientation on tensile and flexural properties of composite was investigated. From the result of tensile testing, the highest and lowest tensile strength values were observed for neat carbon fiber reinforced composite at 0/90° orientation and at 45/-45° orientation respectively. The highest flexural strength was achieved in a hybrid combination of two layers of carbon, glass and aramid fabric for 0/90° whereas the lowest flexural strength was found in glass reinforced composite for the 45/-45° orientation.

In this paper, we propose the binary version of the Social Group Optimization (BSGO) algorithm for solving the 0-1 knapsack problem. The standard Social Group Optimization (SGO) is used for continuous optimization problems. So a transformation function is used to convert the continuous values generated from SGO into binary ones. The experiments are carried out using both low-dimensional and high-dimensional knapsack problems. The results obtained by the BSGO algorithm are compared with other binary optimization algorithms. Experimental results reveal the superiority of the BSGO algorithm in achieving a high quality of solutions over different algorithms and prove that it is one of the best finding algorithms especially in high-dimensional cases.

A convenient and efficient synthesis of a series of ethyl-1-(6-(4-substitutedacetylatedpiperazin-1-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)-5-amino-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate (8a-8j) has been developed by five steps which include activation of a methylene group, hydrazinolysis, cyclisation and chloro-amine coupling reactions. Moreover, our proposed mechanism was confirmed in this study demonstrating that ethyl 5-amino-1-(6-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate is the key intermediate to fulfill the desired outcomes. In silico and in vitro studies were carried out to identify the active agents among the developed adducts against mycobacterium tuberculosis (PDB ID:4TRO). Compound 8a (Docking Score: -26.81 and MIC: 1.6 ug/mL) was found to be the most potent among the synthesized molecules. All the synthesized compounds showed acceptable drug-like properties which make them suitable for further lead modification using in silico design approaches.

The increasing demand for good and improved polymeric composites has led to a surge in the number of researches on hybrid composites, strengthened and enforced with the natural fibres. This paper mainly analyses and presents the attributes of hybrid composites made from natural fibres and carbon nano-tube (CNT) nanoparticles. A novel hybrid composite considered in this research includes kenaf and coir fibres with CNT nanoparticles embedded in an epoxy matrix. The proposed hybrid nanocomposite’s elastic features are calculated by using different analytical models like Chamis, Mori-Tanaka, Nielson elastic models etc and also with the help of Representative Volume Element Analysis (RVE). The content of fibre volume is varied in four different samples and it is found that upon varying the content of fibre volume, the mechanical properties like longitudinal modulus and transverse modulus got affected. The results evaluated from different analytical models are observed to be in good agreement with each other and also with the results of RVE analysis.

Under solvent free conditions and in presence of a base 3-(2-(subsituted-(trifluoromethyl)phenylamino)acetyl)-2H-chromen-2-one derivatives were synthesized by grinding technique. Structural investigations were carried out with IR studies, HRMS, ¹HNMR and ¹³CNMR. The compounds were checked for their in vitro anticancer activities against three different human cancer cell lines viz human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7), human cervical cancer cell line (HeLa) and human oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC-40) using SRB method. All the title compounds showed low toxicity towards non-malignant PBMC cells indicating their tumour selectivity. The compounds exhibited good in vitro anti-proliferative potency at lower concentrations against HeLa and MCF-7 cell lines and remain moderately active against SCC-40.

Three simple metaphor-less optimization algorithms are developed in this paper for solving the unconstrained and constrained optimization problems. These algorithms are based on the best and worst solutions obtained during the optimization process and the random interactions between the candidate solutions. These algorithms require only the common control parameters like population size and number of iterations and do not require any algorithm-specific control parameters. The performance of the proposed algorithms is investigated by implementing these on 23 benchmark functions comprising 7 unimodal, 6 multimodal and 10 fixed-dimension multimodal functions. Additional computational experiments are conducted on 25 unconstrained and 2 constrained optimization problems. The proposed simple algorithms have shown good performance and are quite competitive. The research community may take advantage of these algorithms by adapting the same for solving different unconstrained and constrained optimization problems.

Microbes generally develop resistance towards organic antibacterial agents like ampicillin, Sulfonamides, methicillin, etc., and progressively new drugs are being invented to replace them. Hence, replacement of organic antibacterial agents with inorganic analogues requires constant research and the present investigation reports alternatives for conventional antimicrobial agents like methylparaben, diazolidinyl urea, etc., in the cosmetic products with silver incorporated calcium borates. The chemically synthesized silver-calcium borates have been analyzed for phase purity using powder XRD analysis, nature of bonding using FTIR vibrations, and morphology using SEM. The antibacterial and antifungal studies were carried out for the novel inorganic silver-calcium borates incorporated cosmetic products. The products were also subjected to thermal & photostability studies and found to be comparable with that of commercially available products. A minimum quantity of 3 ppm of silver-calcium borate concentration was required to bring about nearly 100% bacterial reduction in the cosmetic products.