The present article exposes a model of Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) as a support for strategic decision making, guided to the location of facilities in ethanol supply chains under a configuration of collection centers of raw material and production plants, directly impacting costs related to logistics and operations. The model is applied to the supply chain for the production of ethanol from two by-products and a coffee residue (pulp, mucilage, and stems, respectively) in Colombia. The results obtained by the model allow identifying locations for the corresponding links to the three types of biomass considered, and the flows of raw material between coffee producing departments and collection centers, from the latter to production plants, and from this, where the transformation of ethanol to mixing centers is generated.

Indonesia has recorded tremendous growth in this decade given a new dimension to her economy. Presently Indonesian economy is the fourth largest in East Asia, after China, South Korea and Japan – and one of the largest in terms of purchasing power parity (PPP), worldwide. This performance can be further improved by employing better supply chain practices. This study observes how green supply chain (GSC) practices can improve foreign direct investment (FDI) and export on Indonesian economic growth. Data is collected from Indonesian economists through a survey questionnaire and is analyzed using PLS-SEM. The results of the study indicate that GSC had positive impact on the economic growth of Indonesia. GSC has also maintained a positive impact on exports and FDI and it is considered crucial for the economic growth. The study shall have broad implications in strategic formulations to boost economic growth.

The primary objective of this study is to find the role of different policies on supply chain performance (SCP). To achieve this objective, quality assurance policies (QAP) and continuous process improvement (CPI) are selected as independent variables. Additionally, the moderating effects of environmental regulations and policy (ERP) are examined between various policies and SCP. ERP is taken as moderating variable because the role of ERP in logistics is crucial. Logistics transport has serious effect on environment due to the emission of CO2. Primary data are collected from supply chain companies of Indonesia. Three hundred questionnaires are used in this study and they are analyzed through statistical tests. Conclusion of the study shows that QAP and CPI had major role in SCP. Better implementation of QAP and CPI increase the SCP among Indonesian supply chain companies. Moreover, ERP is a moderating variable between the relationship of QAP and CPI and SCP. Therefore, Indonesian supply chain companies should enhance the policies related to quality assurance, process improvement and environmental policies to enhance SCP.

This research presents detailed notes on the penetrating geological formations of the wellbore. Logs can be presented in two forms of good geological logs, means visual inspection of surface-carrying samples, and geophysical logs, means physical measurements by instruments that are lowered into holes. Logs that are created during drilling are called real-time logs. LWD tool is produced from real-time data transmitted to the surface computer from downhole. Three common services are Natural Gamma Ray, Resistivity, and Porosity and Bulk Density. The output of an LWD service is a log. A log is a graphical representation of the properties of the formation. Some factors that affect data quality are Depth Calculation, Sensor Malfunction and LWD Tools Measurements Fault. During drilling, borehole path monitoring is the important thing to be maintained because the quality of LWD data is critical for the success of any LWD job. Therefore, the field engineer has to understand the factors that affect data quality. Quality Control Process is the key to ensure that the tools are working properly.

The main aim of this paper is to present a novel multi-objective gray wolf optimization (MOGWO) by utilizing the Kriging meta-model. To this end, surrogate models are used in Multi-Objective Gray Wolf Optimizer as the fitness function. The meta-model is obtained based on exact analysis and numerical simulations. Inheritable Latin Hypercube Design (ILHD) is used as the design of experiments for generation and testing the Kriging model. Then, sensitivity analysis is done to evaluate the effect of design parameter on system responses. The sensitivity analysis leads to appropriate selection of optimization design variables. Hence, the MOGWO algorithm is applied to the problem, the set of non-dominated optimal points are obtained as Pareto Front and one optimal point is selected based on the minimum distance approach. The most important purpose of the methodology is to improve the time consuming in multi-objective optimization problems. In conclusion, for the design of hydrazine catalyst bed was utilized from the proposed methodology. In case, design variables are catalyst bed pellet diameter, loading factor, thrust chamber pressure and Reaction efficiency and objective functions are increasing performance and reducing mass and pressure drop. The results of optimal catalyst bed parameters and also corresponding value of objective functions are shown the performance of methodology in the space propulsion system applications.

This work presents a stress-strain state analytical estimation of restored tooth hard tissues with consideration of their contact interactions with a monolithic filling or a dental onlay. The tooth with a defect is simulated as a continuous isotropic cylindrical body with a non-through hole, and the filling or onlay is simulated as an elastic deformable cylinder. The contact between the tooth and the fillings (onlay) is simulated as the ideal contact. The final strength estimation of the restored tooth is carried out according to the energy criterion. The authors suggest a linear index of tooth damage for practical application of the obtained results. This index can be easily obtained by direct measurement. The differential approach is developed to select a restoring method of the tooth with the defect to provide a reliable restoration of the anatomical crown of the tooth.

Composite materials show different mechanical properties in different directions which leads to complications in the prediction of their behavior. In addition to being inhomogeneous, behavior of composite materials is highly dependent on the curing process and many studies have tried to address these issues. Residual stress can induce high errors in prediction of composite material properties and leads to a difference between theoretical and experimental results. It has been observed that the humidity of environment and the chemical properties of composite materials are also important. Fewer studies have addressed thick layer composites and no damage theory has been developed for these materials. In this paper residual stress in thick layer composites have been studied. Using numerical analysis, the curing process has been modeled and mechanical properties of a thick layer composite are obtained and the induced residual stress in these composites has been assessed. Unlike thin layer composites, the stress in each layer is not specific and a tensile and compressive stress field can exist simultaneously in thick layer composites.

This study aims to understand the uncertainty about the optimum or best pin position (Dp) for friction stir lap welding (FSLW) of Al-Cu. Tensile shear testing is used to determine the Mechanical strength of FSL welds under static loading. Fracture strength (σLap) corresponding to the maximum load in a test over the sample width is used as the strength value. Interface microstructures differ depending on whether the tool pin penetrates the lapping interface. It has been found that σLap values of the defect free weld samples vary quite significantly and in general are significantly higher than those reported in the literature. When the pin penetration is close to zero no intermetallic layers were formed, hence the value of σLap was zero. When the pin penetration is 0.4mm, the commonly observed a thin Al–Cu interface layer forms and this layer does not grow beyond 3µm. It is shown that the thin interfacial layer can withstand a high tensile-shear load and thus the adjacent Al material shears to fracture. When the pin penetrates more than 0.4mm, the commonly observed mix stir zone (MSZ) forms and values of σLap are lower than that of 0.4mm pin penetration welds but remain quite high.

The concept of a deformable body point is taken in the form of a continuum point and an elementary volume connected with it. The continuum point determines the spatial position of the deformable body point, and the elementary volume is the carrier of its material properties and stress-strain state characteristics. Based on this representation, restrictions on the state parameters at the edge points (singular points) of an isotropic body are constructed. These restrictions become preset conditions in singular points. The study covers possible interactions of the edge-forming surfaces with the external environment. It is shown that the restrictions formed at the edge points are usually more numerous than the restrictions at the regular point on the surface of a deformable body. This circumstance leads to a non-classical formulation of the mechanics problem for bodies with singular points. The combinations of geometric and material parameters of a structural component are discovered that determine the singular stresses behavior in elementary volumes with edge points. The load restrictions ensuring the compatibility of parameters defined at singular points are formulated. The attained results will apply to studying stress concentration in the vicinity of 3D-edges of structural components.

This paper presents an investigation into the flexural behaviour of basalt FRP reinforced concrete beams through experimental and analytical methods. To achieve the research objectives, four concrete beams reinforced with steel and four identical concrete beams reinforced with BFRP bars were tested under four-point bending. The main parameters examined under the tests are the type of concrete (lightweight foam glass concrete and normal concrete) and the type of longitudinal reinforcement bars (BFRP and steel). Test results are presented in terms of failure modes; deformation crack pattern and the ultimate moment of resistance are presented. The experimental results are analysed and compared to predictive models proposed by ACI 440.1R, 2006 and BS EN 1992, Eurocode 2, for deformations and ultimate flexural capacities of the steel and BFRP reinforced concrete beams. The experimental results indicated that the flexural capacity decreased for the beams reinforced with BFRP bars compared to that of a corresponding beam reinforced with steel bars. Both types of beams failed in the modes predicted. The prediction models underestimated the flexural capacity of BFRP reinforced concrete beams. The increase in foam glass aggregate content was observed to reduce the cracking load by almost 10 - 40% and 25 - 50% for steel and BFRP reinforced concrete beams, respectively. The flexural capacities of BFRP reinforced beams were underestimated by using equations stipulated in ACI 440.1R and Eurocode 2 codes of practice.