Organizational commitment is an important issue and organization attitude has become an area of study among many researchers in the fields of organizational behavior. In fact, there are many studies on human resource management where the effects of organizational commitment on other issues have been investigated and the purpose of this research is to find critical factors influencing on organizational commitment. Based on an exploration of the literature review and interviews, the proposed study of this paper extracts 24 variables and using factor analysis, we select the most important factors, which are grouped in four categories. The implementation of our factor analysis has revealed Affective commitment, Continuous commitment, Moral commitment and Enduring commitment are the most important factors influencing organizational commitment.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between operational risk and accounting conservatism. The criterion used for operational risk in this study is asset volatility and for accounting conservatism, we use Ball and Shivakumar (2005) model [Ball, R., & Shivakumar, L. (2005). Earnings quality in UK private firms: comparative loss recognition timeliness. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 39(1), 83-128.], which analyzes accounting from balance sheet sight. The statistical society used in this study is taken from 15 banks in Tehran Stock Exchange over the period 2006-2012. The research result demonstrates that there was a negative relationship between operational risk and accounting conservatism. In other words, there is a significant negative relationship between operational risk and accounting conservatism. Hence, the results suggest that with an increase (decrease) in operational risk, accounting conservatism decreases (increases).

Pension funds play essential role on retirements of people who work for governmental and private organizations and it is always important to reduce any existing risks associated with pension funds. This paper presents an empirical investigation to learn on how to reduce financial reliance of a particular pension fund associated with municipality of Tehran. The proposed study designs a questionnaire in Likert scale, distributes it among some experts and using Spearman correlation technique analyzes the results. The results have revealed that changing and reforming the investment methods could influence the financial independence. In addition, the effect of government major policies, the expertise of managers and other economic levers should not be ignored.

This paper presents an empirical investigation to study the effects of counseling programs on reducing the runaway youth in Iran. The study selects a sample of 30 students and divides them into two groups of control and experiment. The first group is kept under eight sessions of social skills training and a questionnaire consists of various questions including confidence items is distributed among both groups after the training ends. The implementation of Kolmogorov-Smirnov has revealed that both pre and post-test data are normally distributed. In addition, the result of ANOVA test has revealed that training program could significantly improve runaway youth’s confidence.

Today’s research on emotion regulation reveals its importance on many mental and physical heath related issues. One of the problems to dysregulation of emotions is anxiety disorders subject. The aim of this research is to identify the relationship between emotional management problems including emotional inhibition, emotional dysregulation and emotional coping on children’s anxiety symptoms, where it includes separation anxiety, social anxiety, panic disorder, school phobia and generalized anxiety symptoms. The sample was consisted of 307 primary students including boys and girls aged between 9-13 years old in city of Isfahan selected by simple random sampling. The instruments were Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders (SCARED), child Sadness Management Scale (CSMS) and child Anger Management Scale (CAMS). The results showed that problems of children in management of anger and sadness consist of anger and sadness inhibition; anger and sadness dysregulation predicts anxiety symptoms in children (p & LT; 0.0001). However, emotional coping could not predict children & apos; s anxiety symptoms, significantly. In addition, dysregulation and inhibition of sadness and anger predicts anxiety in children.

This paper presents a survey on relationship between supply chain management and innovation in an Iranian holding firm in auto industry named Iran Khodro. The study designs a questionnaire in Likert scale and using random sampling technique, distributes 250 questionnaires among some managers of this holding firm. The study consists of three parts including supply chain management, innovation and organizational performance. The study uses regression technique as well as structural equation modeling and it has detected that there were some strong and positive relationship between supply chain management and innovation. In addition, the result of the survey indicates that there was some positive and meaningful relationship between supply chain management and organizational performance.

One of the most important issues in production planning is to reduce waste materials as much as possible. This helps reduce all necessary expenses and increase productivity and efficiency. This paper presents an empirical investigation to find important factors for reaching lean production planning. The proposed study determines nine different factors including information technology, organization and leadership, human resources development, inventory management, total quality management, process management, equipment management, maintenance engineering. In order to find out the effects of these factors, the study designs a questionnaire and distributes it among some managers in producer of radiator in Iran. Cronbach alpha is equal to 0.86, which validates the questionnaire. Using some statistical observations, the study has confirmed that all mentioned factors influences production planning, positively.

This paper presents an empirical investigation to study the impacts of personal entrepreneurial characteristics including “Need to succeed”, “Idea fluency” and “Pragmatism” among students who were enrolled in different fields at Islamic Azad University of Zanjan, Iran. Using a standard questionnaire, which is modified for Iranian culture, the study measures the effects of three factors. The results of Kolmogorov-Smirnov indicate that all three variables of the survey were normally distributed. The results of t-student test for “Need to succeed” is equal to 28.623 with df = 349 and Sig. = 0.000, which is statistically significant. In addition, t-student test for “Idea fluency” is equal to 16.124 with df = 349 and Sig. = 0.000, which is also statistically significant. Finally, the results of t-student test for “Pragmatism” is equal to 31.255 with df = 349 and Sig. = 0.000, which is statistically significant. The findings indicate that the participants hold relatively high level of personal entrepreneurial characteristics.

During the past two decades, there have been significant damages on environment such as ozone layer depletion, global warming effects, etc. and people are getting more concerned about taking necessary actions to help environment. The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of green marketing on consumers’ purchasing intention in dairy industry. The proposed study designs a questionnaire and distributes it among 154 randomly selected people who purchase dairy products in four different regions of city of Babol, located in north region of Iran. Using structural equation modeling, the study has detected that green marketing influences on consumers’ purchasing intention, positively.

This paper presents an empirical study to investigate the effect of conflict management strategies on development of cooperative culture in one of Iranian auto industries. The proposed study adopts a Putnam and Wilson’s questionnaire (1982) [Putnam, L. L., & Wilson, C. E. (1982). Communication strategies in organizational conflicts: Reliability and validity of a measurement scale. Communication Yearbook, 6, 629-652.] for measuring different components of conflict management. In addition, the study also designs a questionnaire for measuring cooperative culture. Cronbach alphas are calculated for conflict management and cooperative cultures as 0.76 and 0.79, respectively. Using Spearman correlation ratio as well as regression technique, the study has determined that three components of conflict management strategies including cooperation, competition and compromise could significantly contribute of development of cooperative culture.