Liquidity risk (LR) is a concern in Islamic banks and may lead to major problems if not managed appropriately and planned, due to the lack of external liquidity sources for Islamic banks. However, the purpose of this article is to look at the factors that affect liquidity risk in Middle Eastern Islamic banks. To arrive at a substantial and compelling conclusion, the cross-sectional data from 30 Islamic banks was gathered between 2011 and 2022. The random effect regression model, GMM, and fixed effect regression model were all utilized. According to the report, Islamic banks in the Middle East have safe levels of liquidity. It also demonstrates how the financing-to-deposit ratio, inflation, economic growth, and return on assets all have a favorable impact on Islamic banks' liquidity risks. Furthermore, the study discovered that non-performing financing, capital sufficiency, operational effectiveness, and scale had no bearing on the liquidity issues associated with Islamic banks. This paper provided guidance regarding liquidity risk management procedures and systems in Islamic banks in order to design banking liquidity risk management policies. To avoid liquidity risks in Islamic banks, the optimal level of financing to deposit ratio must be determined, maintaining the quality of financing, reducing the non-performing loan ratio to the lowest possible level, and enabling Islamic banks to benefit from the central bank as a last resort for liquidity.

Based on the context of Thanh Hoa province, the research proposes the model of policy related factors from the action of government (at all level) influencing on the survival and the development of SMEs. The research was conducted by collecting data from 512 SMEs in Thanh Hoa province. The results indicate that tax supporting policy and the preferential policies of the bank were crucial factors affecting the development of enterprises during the Covid 19 pandemic, directly. Other factors included insurance policy, capital support packages of Government, the act of public administration and the role of professional association which were considered as important elements affecting the enterprise’s development. Based on the results, the study proposes policy implication in order to support SMEs overcome difficulties during the coronavirus pandemic.

This paper deals with retrial queues of the |MQ/M/c/∞|- type in which the rate of input flow depends on the number of sources of repeated calls and each call has only one retrial attempt. That is, if a call fails to enter the server facility at the retrial attempt, then it leaves the system without service. The existence conditions of stationary regime and the vector-matrix of the stationary probabilities of the service process are represented. This representation uses an approximation of the initial model by means of the truncated one and the directs passage to the limit. For these systems a threshold strategy for the rate of input flow is used. The multi-criterion optimization problem for finding optimal strategy of control is considered. The quality functionals of the optimization problem are represented through the stationary probabilities.

This research aims to analyze the sustainability challenges in small and medium-scale enterprises in Indonesia, focusing on marketing orientation, social media marketing, and three domains of business performance, namely economic, social and environmental aspects. Data from 238 respondents in Pekalongan, Central Java Province, Indonesia, were analyzed using the SEM-PLS method. These findings support six hypotheses revealing the impact of marketing orientation on various aspects of business performance (economic/social/environmental) and the influence of social media marketing on economic, environmental, and social dimensions. The results have significant implications for SMEs in Indonesia. The findings highlight the need for improvement in sustainability practices, such as increasing alignment between marketing orientation and social media marketing strategies.