The present study analyzed the relationship between the average annual temperature and the area of Amazonian forest in the departments of Peru during the period 2013-2021, using a panel data model with random effects. The data used come from the National Institute of Statistics and Informatics (INEI) and include the average annual temperature in degrees Celsius and the area of Amazonian rainforest in thousands of hectares, both disaggregated by department. Additionally, CO2 emissions resulting from the loss of tree cover, measured in megatons (Mt) of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO₂e), were considered as a control variable. The results revealed a positive and statistically significant relationship between the area of Amazonian forest and the average annual temperature, denoting that an increase of one thousand hectares in the extension of the forest corresponds to an increase of 0.0004 °C in temperature. In this sense, the finding contradicts the climate-regulating role played by forests, however, this is attributed to the influence of unobserved confounding variables that are linked to both forest area and temperature.

Eco-friendly business practices range from energy efficiency to sustainable management; therefore, the implementation of these practices not only has the potential to mitigate environmental impacts, but also to improve the long-term competitiveness and sustainability of companies. In this study we analyze eco-friendly business practices and their impact on environmental sustainability in companies in a region of the Peruvian Amazon. A quantitative, non-experimental approach was considered, with an explanatory design; for which, a sample size of 200 companies was considered, which were randomly selected, to which two instruments were applied, the first with 7 indicators and the second with 3, valid, with an alpha of 0.720 and 0.670 respectively, assessing structural equation modeling. The results show that eco-friendly business practices are oriented towards sustainability (C.R. = 19.280), as well as preventive and eco-efficient practices (C.R. = 5.023, C.R.= 14.185); these findings can serve as a basis for the creation or improvement of public policies that promote eco-friendly business practices, encouraging companies to adopt measures that favor environmental sustainability. Therefore, eco-friendly business practices have a positive impact on environmental sustainability in companies in a region of the Peruvian Amazon; in addition, preventive practices and eco-efficient practices have a positive impact on environmental sustainability in companies in a region of the Peruvian Amazon.