Modeling of a crack propagating through a finite element mesh under mixed mode conditions is of prime importance in fracture mechanics. This paper presents an application of the finite element method to the analysis of crack growth problems in linear elastic fracture mechanics and the correlation of results with experimental data. In the present study, the crack growth simulation has been numerically simulated by using the finite element source code program using Visual FORTRAN language. This code includes the mesh generator based on the advancing front method as well as all the pre and post process for the crack growth simulation under linear elastic fracture mechanics theory. The maximum circumferential stress criterion has been used for prediction of the crack growth in isotropic materials under mixed-mode loading. Furthermore, the equivalent domain integral method has been used for calculating the stress intensity factors values during crack growth. The crack grows when the stress intensity factor exceeds the fracture toughness of the material in the case of static loading. Verification of the predicted crack path is validated with relevant experimental data and numerical results obtained by other researchers with a good agreement.

This study conducts a quantitative inquiry into how components of gamification and customization are being used in Saudi Arabia's educational system. In our investigation, we zero in on how these factors could contribute to skill development. This investigation uses a thorough and rigorous quantitative research approach to probe students' preferences for gamification components and their thoughts on customization. The findings highlight the amazing congruence between people's preference for gamification components like points and badges and the need for adaptation and feedback in optimizing the effectiveness of the educational process. Through careful component analysis, the current investigation successfully separates two distinct constructs: one highlights the importance of flexibility and responsiveness, while the other emphasizes the significance of pace and cultural appropriateness. The results of this research have important policy and practice implications for Saudi Arabia, where educational reforms are now underway. The goal of these changes is to boost academic performance by introducing student-specific, interactive gaming into the classroom.

This study seeks to investigate the variables that affect small and medium enterprises (SMEs) adoption of the usage of artificial intelligence (AI) and audit quality analysis from the perspectives of external auditors and accountants in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Additionally, it seeks to determine whether external auditors and accountants in Saudi SMEs have different perspectives on AI adoption and how it affects audit quality. Data were gathered via an internet questionnaire from eighty accountants and forty audit companies in Saudi SMEs to accomplish these research goals. The study's findings indicate that accountants and external auditors in the KSA believe that utilizing AI improves the quality of audits. Also, it was discovered that there is no statistically significant difference in how accountants and auditors evaluate ’AI’s contribution to audit quality.

The primary objective of this study was to assess the challenges associated with the digital transformation process in the accounting systems of companies listed on the Khartoum Stock Exchange, focusing on the perspectives of senior management, financial management, and technology management. These departments were considered integral due to their profound understanding of digital transformation processes, requirements, and existing as well as anticipated challenges. Employing a descriptive-analytical approach, the study utilized a questionnaire to gather data from 315 individuals within the study population. The results revealed a favorable inclination among Khartoum Stock Exchange-listed companies towards digital transformation, manifested through a notable automation of accounting procedures, the cultivation of a digital culture, and the adoption of strategic approaches for digital transformation. However, the study identified several challenges, including insufficient technological infrastructure at the national level, the absence of a clear national strategic plan for digital transformation, and limited financial resources allocated to digital transformation in accounting systems. The study also proposed a set of solutions to address these challenges, categorized into national and corporate levels.

This study on the moderating effect of electronic quality in mobile marketing aims to examine the factors that influence how Saudi commercial banks are viewed by their customers. A research framework that sheds light on the state of the research was developed after a comprehensive analysis of the accessible literature. The theoretical foundation of this study is the idea of perceived characteristics, which identifies five critical factors that influence adoption rates. The empirical results of this study are presented based on a sample of 300 respondents (n = 300). The research was conducted using the statistical technique of least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The reporting format conforms to accepted PLS-SEM analysis standards. The results reveal a significant association between mobile marketing and customer perceptions in the context of Saudi commercial banks, especially when electronic quality is used as a mediating variable. Based on these findings, we suggest that Saudi commercial banks should strategically include e-quality in their digital marketing campaigns, paying special attention to mobile marketing.

The objective of this research is to comprehend how these elements interact to influence young people's subjective happiness and to provide insightful information about their perspectives. Significant discoveries are shown by the study's findings. This research paper conducts a thorough analysis of the many factors that affect youth happiness, including GDP, loneliness, longevity, autonomy, generosity, and corruption. First off, GDP shows up as a significant and noticeably positive factor to young happiness. This emphasizes how crucial economic success is in raising young people's life happiness. Second, autonomy is recognized as another important factor, showing a significant and favorable influence on happiness. It emphasizes how important one's own independence and life control are for young wellbeing. Additionally, the study uncovers a diverse range of impacts among these indicators. Longevity and Generosity are found to positively influence happiness, emphasizing the role of health and social support in young people's contentment. Conversely, Loneliness and Corruption exhibit significant negative effects on happiness, underscoring the detrimental consequences of social isolation and institutional corruption on youth well-being. In conclusion, this research paper offers a holistic view of youth happiness, recognizing the multifaceted nature of its determinants. These findings have important implications for policymakers, highlighting the need to address not only economic aspects but also personal autonomy, social connectedness, and integrity in efforts to promote youth happiness and well-being in society.

Active Queue Management (AQM) techniques are crucial for managing packet transmission efficiently, maintaining network performance, and preventing congestion in routers. However, achieving these objectives demands precise traffic modeling and simulations in extreme and unstable conditions. The internet traffic has distinct characteristics, such as aggregation, burstiness, and correlation. This paper presents an innovative approach for modeling internet traffic, addressing the limitations of conventional modeling and conventional AQM methods' development, which are primarily designed to stabilize the network traffic. The proposed model leverages the power of multiple Markov Modulated Bernoulli Processes (MMBPs) to tackle the challenges of traffic modeling and AQM development. Multiple states with varying probabilities are used to model packet arrivals, thus capturing the burstiness inherent in internet traffic. Yet, the overall probability is maintained identical, irrespective of the number of states (one, two, or four), by solving linear equations with multiple variables. Random Early Detection (RED) was used as a case study method with different packet arrival probabilities based on MMBPs with one, two, and four states. The results showed that the proposed model influences the outcomes of AQM methods. Furthermore, it was found that RED might not effectively address network burstiness due to its relatively slow reaction time. As a result, it can be concluded that RED performs optimally only with a single-state model.

This research attempts to better understand how students in Saudi Arabia benefit from narrative and story aspects in gamified learning environments. Data from a sample of 500 persons with varying levels of education are analyzed using quantitative methods such as descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis. The findings point to strong positive correlations between the use of gamification in education, the influence of storytelling, narrative variables, and the acquisition of new skills. There has been a significant shift toward the use of narrative variables as measures of mastery in gamified classrooms. This study's results show that using gamified learning with story elements may increase students' interest, motivation, and knowledge retention. Efforts are now being made by Saudi Arabia to update its educational system and provide its youth with the tools they'll need to succeed in the country's emerging knowledge-based economy. The use of game-based learning and narrative-rich experiences has promising results in this setting.

As a potential treatment intervention for youngsters with Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) in UAE, this study aims to investigate the use of virtual reality socialization groups on the widely used social media platform Facebook. The purpose of this research is to examine how social anxiety, sadness, and anxiety symptoms change after receiving treatment. The quantitative approach used in the study yields very small impact sizes. No discernible differences emerged, however, between the test and control groups at the statistical level. It investigates how cultural factors, including the unique social norms and expectations in UAE, play a crucial role in determining the success of interventions. Specifically adapted virtual reality therapies for various cultural settings are emphasized. In addition, it highlights the importance of understanding the therapeutic implications of small effect sizes. Prospective research directions are explored in this article; special attention is paid to the development of ever-better technologically-driven treatments across a variety of cultural settings.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of corporate governance (CG) characteristics, specifically audit committee chairman (ACC) characteristics. (tenure, expertise, and directorship) on corporate performance (CP). The study was executed on 44 firms, which were registered under the finance sector at Bursa Saudi Arabia. In terms of its scope, the study stretched over quite a long period of time and observed a considerable number of firms; more specifically, it lasted from 2015 to 2019, and observed 195 firms. The relationship between the characteristics of audit committee (AC) directors and CP has been studied extensively in the past. Nevertheless, few studies have investigated the ACC's characteristics. To the best of the researcher's knowledge, no study has yet studied the effect of CG's characteristics, specifically, the ACC characteristics on CP. The study’s conclusions indicate that corporate governance (CG) characteristics, specifically audit committee chairman (ACC) characteristics (tenure and expertise) are positively related to the performance of finance companies. However, the audit committee chairman’s multiple directorships, on the other hand, has no relationship with corporate performance. Review of literature on the audit committee chairman characteristics used in this study is offered, the practical implications and the recommendations for future research works is also emphasized.