The objective of this paper is to examine the determinants of the supplier selection process with green consideration. Thus, this analysis gathers a collection of factors from established literature of green supplier selection (GSS), including seven categories and 58 attributes. The objective of this research is to classify the key factors which are presented as qualitative information. Fuzzy logic rules are used to transform qualitative expert knowledge into numerical data. Then, we adopt the Delphi method (DM) to filter and rate unneeded factors according to their relevance. The results indicate 24 important factors for the GSS process. Five categories are included: Performance and technology ability, Environmental management, Pollution control, Quality and Service. The most significant factors are recognized as green research and development, eco-design, green image, green packaging and remanufacturing. Finally, the debate is held on the basis of the findings and future research are also recognized and stated.

This research aimed to investigate the interrelationships among environmental forces, organizational capabilities, and supply chain sustainability. The mediation role of organizational capabilities and supplier relationship between environmental forces and Supply chain Sustainability were analyzed. Dataset obtained from 410 managers in the Jordanian food industry were used. PLS-SEM was conducted for analysis purposes. The findings reveal that environmental forces and organizational capabilities directly impact supply chain sustainability. The findings have additionally shown that supplier relationships and organizational capabilities played a mediation role between environmental forces and supply chain sustainability. The results show that companies might derive significant benefits from sustainable practices and consider them to maximize the success level of the supply chain sustainability initiative.

The objective of this study is to assess the joint effect of corporate entrepreneurship (CE) and supply chain management (SCM) strategies on firm performance in the circumstance of Saudi Arabian manufacturing firms. This is interesting in the sense that while previous scholars have focused on CE and SCM separately, the combinative aspect of the two particularly in nonwestern countries seems still to be short of attention. In this respect, this paper attempts to apply a resource-based view and suggest that CE and SCM complement each other and in the end performance of the firm will be increased. Out of the 84 Saudi manufacturing firms covered in the structured survey, data was analyzed using Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression. The results indicate that CE, particularly dimensions such as new business venturing, product innovation, technological entrepreneurship, mission reformulation, reorganization and system-wide changes, significantly enhances firm performance. Additionally, SCM strategies were found to have a positive and statistically significant impact on firm performance, highlighting the critical role of effective supply chain management in operational efficiency and competitive positioning. The findings contribute to the literature by providing empirical evidence from a Middle Eastern context, thereby enhancing the generalizability of existing theories on CE and SCM. The study also offers practical implications for managers and policymakers, suggesting that aligning CE initiatives with SCM strategies can drive sustained competitive advantage. These insights are particularly relevant for firms operating in emerging markets, where economic reforms and diversification efforts, such as Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030, necessitate strategic innovation and supply chain optimization.

This study investigates the critical role of information technology integration in enhancing project risk management, specifically examining the mediating effect of risk identification effectiveness. Based on a quantitative approach, the study collected data from 173 respondents working in the construction, engineering, and telecommunication sectors using a comprehensive questionnaire. We employed Smart PLS-SEM for data analysis to test the study hypotheses. Our findings reveal that IT integration significantly and positively influences both risk identification effectiveness and overall project risk management. Importantly, the study confirms the mediating role of risk identification effectiveness, indicating that IT's contribution to successful project risk management is significantly enhanced when it empowers teams to identify potential risks early and accurately. These findings indicate the strategic importance for organizations in these sectors to prioritize investments in IT solutions that not only streamline project management processes but also specifically enhance risk identification capabilities. Discussion and conclusion were depicted at the end of work.

The study sought to determine how bank financial performance (BFP) was affected by credit risk (CR), liquidity risks (LR), operational risks (OR), financing risks (FR), market risks (MR), in the presence of risk management (RM) as a moderator in conventional and Islamic banks in the Middle East and North Africa. To this end, stratified random sampling and systematic sampling methods were used, with a sample size of thirty conventional banks and thirty Islamic banks from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the Arab Republic of Egypt acting as the unit of analysis. 344 participants that were targeted had completed questionnaires that could be analyzed. The database of the target banks was used to quickly and affordably choose samples. Structural equation modeling was done in conjunction with a tool named Smart PLS 4 (SEM). A 92% reliability coefficient was used to evaluate the instrument's dependability. By assessing study variables using commonly used terminology and consulting with subject matter experts on the research issue, the content validity of the findings was confirmed. PLS 4 was one of the clever analytical approaches used to characterize the study's findings. The following describes the relationship between risk management practices and BFP when utilizing a modified variable (RM): "The study showed that CR does not positively affect BFP in conventional banks when employing a modified RM variable. The study demonstrated that the risk ratio had no positive influence on BFP in Islamic banks using a modified RM variable. It has been established by study that LR has no positive impact on BFP. The study also demonstrated that the LR has no positive effects when the variable RM rate is used in conventional banks. The study's findings demonstrated that the OR does not change when the variable RM rate is used. It is advantageous for BFP in traditional banks. The study discovered that there is a negative correlation between OR and BFP in Islamic banks and that OR has no beneficial effect on BFP when the RM rate variable is included. The study's findings demonstrated a favorable correlation between OR and BFP. The research indicates that in typical banks, FR does not positively increase BFP when employing the adjusted RM variable. The study discovered that there is no correlation between FR and BFP in Islamic banks when the modified RM variable is used. Rather than suggesting a good association between FR and BFP, the results pointed to a negative investigation.

Saudi labour market is unique in nature due to a number of aspects. It provides a picture of increas-ing job opportunity and, at the same time, higher level of youth unemployment. Like other countries, the employability of accounting graduates of Saudi Arabia is also subject to doubts. The present study assesses the convenience of accounting education for the unique requirements of Saudi labour market. The study collects data from 914 respondents from the three main stakeholders–students, faculty and accounting practitioners. The study finds that all the three stakeholders were of the opinion that the education was capable of meeting the unique requirements of the labour market in Saudi Arabia. A few suggestions are also presented, which would help improve the outcomes of the accounting programs and make the graduates employable.

Word of mouth (WOM) is the oldest, yet still a very common form of marketing. Over the years, it has undergone under significant transformation as a result of the changing business strategies and rapid improvement in technology. Today, WOM has gained traction as a very effective and economic form of advertisement. With the increase in the use of internet technology and use of social media for marketing, online word of mouth (OWoM) is significantly changing the sphere. Today, many marketers prefer to use OWoM through platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram for marketing their products. However, consumer’s behaviors and attitudes are found to strongly influence OWoM. Using the Theory of Planned Behavior, the study explored the factors that predict the use of the OWoM marketing among youths in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Data were collected from 440 samples using structured questionnaires and analyzed using PLS-SEM. The results have succeeded in showing the complex relationship between attitude, behavioral control and subjective norms; the underlying beliefs, and the intention towards the OWoM.

The association between risk and return is a significant concept in finance that has been studied in the past to a large extent. The stock market volatility is closely associated with the risk. The current study examines the intraday volatility pattern of stock market of Saudi Arabia by reviewing the stocks of Tadawul All Share Index (TASI). We obtain return data at 5-minute frequency from the SASEIDX starting on 25 October 2017 and ending on 9 May 2018. We examine the stock market volatility by using different symmetric and asymmetric GARCH models and observe that, the symmetric GARCH models showed a significant positive association between risk and return. Similarly, the asymmetric GARCH models show that the estimates were significant and the leverage estimate was negative and significant, indicating a no-leverage effect in the return series. Moreover, the asymmetric results suggest that negative shocks do not entail to future higher volatility than positive shocks. Therefore, the symmetric and asymmetric GARCH models are comfortable to capture the volatility of Saudi stock market from Intraday data.

A series of big changes have recently taken place in banking and financial sector as a result of global economic crisis, deregulated markets, globalization of economy and demonetization affecting the working lives of bank employees. The present exploration was planned to probe the associations involving job stress, need deficiency and performance of bank employees. Further it aimed to find out the predictors of performance within the facets of job stress and need deficiencies among total employees, managerial and non-managerial bank staff. The sample comprises of 335 employees, consisting of 135 managerial and 180 non-managerial staff who were randomly selected from dif-ferent branches of bank located in small cities in Uttar Pradesh, India. Job stress, need deficiency and performance measure scales were used to collect the information. Data were analyzed by step-wise multiple regressions analysis. The results observed as: i) total job stress, intrinsic impoverishment, role overload and unreasonable pressure showed significant positive correlation with perfor-mance and intrinsic impoverishment as well as role overload appeared as predictors of performance for sample group whereas esteem need, autonomy need were emerged as predictors and showed negative correlations with performance of employees; ii) esteem need, intrinsic impoverishment, strenuous working conditions and poor-peer relations were emerged as predictors of performance among managerial staff and iii) intrinsic impoverishment, role overload and strenuous working conditions appeared as predictors of performance for non-managerial staff. Further results discussed in details with suitable evidences.

The objective of this research was to investigate the effects caused by the announcement of mergers of SBI and its associate banks i.e. State Bank of Bikaner and Jaipur (SBBJ), State Bank of Hyderabad (SBH), State Bank of Mysore (SBM), State Bank of Patiala (SBP) and State Bank of Travan-core (SBT) with State Bank of India on the volatility of the return of SBI stock during the event window of 300 days. In order to achieve the proposed objective, this study applied Generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (Garch) class model to the return series to model their volatility because it is considered an important tool for time series data analysis. Our results confirmed the impact of the announcement of Merger on volatility. The results suggest that merger announcement was expected to cause a reaction in the returns, which is related to higher abnormal return in lesser time through merger announcement for investors.