Measuring relative efficiency of various universities has been a subject for years. In fact, when there is a growing competition among educational units, it is important to find facts on each university for making managerial decisions. In this paper, we present an empirical study to measure the relative efficiencies among different private universities in Iran. The proposed study of this paper uses data envelopment analysis along with Malmquist productivity index to measure the relative efficiencies of these units over the period 2004-2007. The method uses three inputs including number of students, number of university professors and the number of employees. The model also includes the number of educated people as well as research outputs for outputs of the DEA model. The results indicate that there are some big gaps among various units in terms of the number of research products and the number of graduated students.

Organizational commitment is an essential part of business development especially in educational system. In this paper, we study the relationship between six personal characteristics of employees of Azad University in province of Arak, Iran. The proposed study designs and distributes a questionnaire among experts who are involved in education systems. The population of this survey includes 900 employees who are enrolled in educational as well as administration levels and chooses a sample of 269 people for the survey. The questionnaire consists of different questions in Likert scale and there are six independent variables including age, gender, educational background, marital status, job experience and salary. We study the relationship of these six items with organization commitment. The results of our survey indicate that marital status is the most influential factor on organizational commitment followed by educational background and job experience. Based on the results of this survey, we can conclude that those employees who could get more experience and maintain a good educational background will more likely to stay with a firm than young employees.

A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is considered as an autonomous network, which consists of mobile nodes, which communicate with each other over wireless links. When there is no fixed infrastructure, nodes have to cooperate in order to incorporate the necessary network functionality. Ad hoc on Demand Distance Vector (AODV) protocol is one of the primary principal routing protocols implemented in Ad hoc networks. The security of the AODV protocol is threaded by a specific kind of attack called ‘Black Hole’ attack. This paper presents a technique to prevent the Black hole attack by implementing negotiation with neighbors who claim to maintain a route to destination. Negotiation process is strengthen by apriori method to judge about suspicious node. Apriori algorithm is an effective association rule mining method with relatively low complexity, which is proper for MANETs. To achieve more improvement, fuzzy version of ADOV is used. The simulation results indicate that the proposed protocol provides more securable routing and also more efficiency in terms of packet delivery, overhead and detection rate than the conventional AODV and fuzzy AODV in the presence of Black hole attacks.

One of existing challenges in personalization of the web is increasing the efficiency of a web in meeting the users' requirements for the contents they require in an optimal state. All the information associated with the current user behavior following in web and data obtained from pervious users’ interaction in web can provide some necessary keys to recommend presentation of services, productions, and the required information of the users. This study aims at presenting a formal model based on colored Petri nets to identify the present user's interest, which is utilized to recommend the most appropriate pages ahead. In the proposed design, recommendation of the pages is considered with respect to information obtained from pervious users' profile as well as the current session of the present user. This model offers the updated proposed pages to the user by clicking on the web pages. Moreover, an example of web is modeled using CPN Tools. The results of the simulation show that this design improves the precision factor. We explain, through evaluation where the results of this method are more objective and the dynamic recommendations demonstrate that the results of the recommended method improve the precision criterion 15% more than the static method.

Knowledge management plays an important role in business development specially in educational system. The proposed study designs and distributes a questionnaire among experts who are involved in education systems in province of Tehran, Iran. The population of this survey includes 1680 people who are enrolled in administration levels of this province and using a simple sapling technique is calculated as 313. The questionnaire consists of 30 questions in Likert scale and there are six categories for the proposed study of this paper including the concept of knowledge, management, knowledge tools, knowledge measurement, change management, knowledge content. We have used LISREL software package to find the relationship between entrepreneurship and knowledge management components. Based on the results of this survey, knowledge content is number one priority followed by knowledge tools and concept of knowledge. The other factors including management, knowledge measurement and change management are in lower levels of importance.

This paper presents an empirical study to learn more about challenges in carpet industry using factor analysis. The proposed study of this paper designs a questionnaire consists of 51 questions in Likert scale and distribute it among experts in Carpet industry. We have analyzed the data using factor analysis and deleted 10 most redundant questions. Cronbach alpha was calculated as 0.88 for the remaining questions, which is well above the minimum desirable limit. We have also managed to remove six more questions using principal axis factoring leaving 8 basic components including 35 different questions. The proposed study of this paper has categorized eight factors including specialized relationships, knowledge coordinator, knowledge tool, knowledge organization, knowledge processes, knowledge chain, knowledge hardware and Knowledge feasibility study. Investigating details of the results of each eight items could help us build better strategies to help this industry grow faster and more reliable in today & apos; s business world.

This paper presents an empirical investigation to learn the impact of some internal and external factors on profitability in banking system. The proposed model of this paper introduces three econometrics methods to study the behavior of internal, external and a combination of both factors on return on assets. The proposed study of this paper uses Vector Auto- Regressive (VAR) and Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) to provide estimation of the proposed model and we use historical data over the period of 1989-2010. The results of the first model for internal factors, we consider some independent variables including ratio of total revenue on total assets (TR) and ratio of total equities on total assets (TE). The second model considers the effects of external variables on ROA such as growth domestic product (GDP) and market share (MS) and the last model includes a combination of both internal and external factors. The results indicates that there is a positive and meaningful relationship between logarithm of growth domestic product and return on equities, which means as we expect one unit increase in LGDP, there is an increase of 0.012 on ROA. In addition, when the market share increase by one percent, there will be an increase 0.025% increase on ROA and an increase of one percent in the ratio of TR will yield to an increase of one percent in ROA.

Marketing planning has been one of the most important components of production planning. A good marketing strategy can increase sales of products, which leads to higher profitability. The proposed study of this paper investigates how consumer & apos; s mental capability reacts when a new product is introduced along with a well known brand. The proposed study of this paper selects 196 people who choose 12 various products. Dependent variable is consumer perception towards new product development. Independent variables include customers consider newly offered product as replacement or supplement one. They surveyed people are also asked whether they think the new technological characteristics can incorporate older ones & apos; or not. Finally, participants are asked about their perception on product. Correlation ratio between technology transfer capabilities and perception towards the new product is calculated as 0.454, which is much more than other variables and P-value is significant when the level of significance is one percent. The other observation is that there is a positive and meaningful relationship between potential for product substitution and perception towards the new product, which has been calculated as 0.227.

The aim of this paper is to study relationship between knowledge management capacity and innovation performance. Knowledge management capacity includes knowledge sharing, knowledge application, and knowledge acquisition. For innovation performance, author considers the most important indicators including administrative innovation, product innovation, and process innovation. According to research model, 9 hypotheses are developed and the results show that there is not any positive relationship between knowledge acquisition and administrative innovation.

he purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between parenting styles and employees's career adaptability. The statistical population includes all employees in Polyacrid's Factory of Isfahan in 2012. The proposed study selects a sample of 321 employees using cluster sampling. The study has used a based on Baumrind's theorem, which maintains three groups of permissive, authoritarian and authoritative in Likert scale. The results of our study have indicated that there is definitely a difference in parenting style among various members in terms of career concern, career curiosity and career confidence but such relationship does not exists in terms of career control. In addition, the study explains that people with permissive parenting style have less career concern, career curiosity and career confidence than those with permissive parenting style do.