This study examines the impact of social and economic factors on community adherence to COVID-19 health protocols in Surabaya, Indonesia, through a supply chain management perspective. It applies the five-component supply chain model encompassing supply chain policies, governance structures, consumer attitudes, process efficiency, and the integration of culture/technology. The primary data is derived from a survey of 119 participants, supplemented by secondary data on national health protocols and local COVID-19 cases. The analysis reveals critical gaps in compliance with health protocols, particularly regarding mask usage, social distancing, and avoiding crowded spaces. Specifically, only 17.6% of religious adherents follow these protocols, while 82.3% do not. In traditional markets, compliance stands at 19.2%, while 80.8% of participants ignore the guidelines. Among the youth, only 12.4% adhere to the protocols, with 87.6% disregarding them. The study highlights the need to improve the supply chain of public health interventions, from awareness campaigns (demand generation) to efficient delivery systems (process optimization) and monitoring mechanisms (evaluation and feedback loops). Emphasizing a supply chain approach, the findings suggest that strengthening the upstream (policy and governance), midstream (public behavior and attitudes), and downstream (cultural and technological adaptations) components can enhance compliance rates and reduce COVID-19 transmission. The study concludes with actionable recommendations, such as increasing public health awareness, strengthening governance frameworks, targeting interventions for vulnerable groups, and fostering multi-stakeholder partnerships to create a resilient health compliance supply chain in Surabaya, Indonesia.

Farmers face various risks such as production risks in the use of technology, pests, climate change and natural disasters. Farmers in disaster-prone areas have different responses depending on their behavior towards the risks posed. The main problem in this research is how farmers behave towards production risks due to flooding and the technical efficiency of rice farming in flood-prone areas. The aim of this research is to analyze farmers' behavior towards production risks due to flooding and the technical efficiency of rice farmers in flood-prone areas. The results of this research will provide important information for policy simulations that the government can implement towards farmers affected by natural disasters and for sustainable disaster mitigation strategies. The novelty of this research is that it combines two theories, namely risk behavior and agricultural technical efficiency in producing disaster mitigation strategies. The research location was determined purposefully in Pasuruan and Bojonegoro Regencies. The data in this research are primary and secondary data with the sample in this research being farmers. The sampling technique in this research is a multi-stage cluster sampling technique. The analysis method in this research uses Just Pope. and the Cobb-Douglas production function model with the Stochastic Production Frontier approach. The target of these research findings is a model of the types of behavior regarding the risks of farmers who are flood victims, as well as the level of technical efficiency of rice farming and the factors that influence it. The expected findings are policy recommendations regarding disaster mitigation from economic and agricultural risk aspects to create sustainable agriculture.