How to cite this paper
Acheampong, G & Kumah, B. (2002). Impact of firm-level factors and market entry mode on performance: A study of service MNCs in an emerging economy.Management Science Letters , 2(2), 631-646.
Refrences
Aharoni, Y. (2000). The origins of the international competitiveness of firms (book review). Journal of Economics, 71(1), 91-14.
Albaum, A., Duerr, E., & Strandskov, J. (2004). International Marketing and Export Management’, 5th Edition, Prentice Hall.
Alexander, N., & Myers, H. (2000). The retail internationalisation process. International Marketing Review, 17(4/5), 334-353.
Anderson, E. & Gatignon, H. (1986). Modes of foreign entry: A transaction cost analysis and propositions. Journal of International Business Studies, 17(1), 1-26.
Bain, J. (1956). Barriers to New Competition. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
Barkema, H. G., & Vermeulen, F. (1998). International expansion through strart-up or acquisition: A learning perspective. Academy of Management Journal, 41(1), 7-26.
Barney, J. (1991). Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management (March), 99-120.
Blomstermo, A., Sallis, J., & Sharma, D. D. (2006). Choice of foreign market entry mode in service firms. International Marketing Review, 23(2), 211-229.
Buckley, P.J., & Smith, G.E. (1994). An international comparison of the structure of national foreign market servicing strategies. International Business Review, 3(1), 71-94.
Caves, R. (2007). Multinational Enterprise and Economic Analysis, 3rd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Cavusgil, S.T. (1980). On the internationalization process of firms. European Research, 8, 272-281.
Chen, H., Griffith, D.A., & Hu, M.Y. (2006). The influence of liability of foreignness on market entry strategies: An illustration of market entry in China. International Marketing Review, 23(6), 636-649.
Chetty, S.K. (1999). Dimensions of internationalisation of manufacturing firms in the apparel industry. European Journal of Marketing, 33(1/2), 121-142.
Chudnovsky, D., & Lopes, A. (2004). Transnational corporations’ strategies and foreign trade patterns in MERCOSUR countries in the 1990s. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 28, 635-652.
Cicic, M., Patterson, P.G., & Shoham, A. (1999). A conceptual model of the internationalization of service firms. Journal of Global Marketing, 12 (3), 81-106.
Conner, K., & Prahalad, C. (1996). A resource-based theory of the firm: Knowledge versus opportunism. Organisation Science, 7(5), 477-501.
Delmas, M., Russo, M.V., & Montes-Sancho, M.J. (2007). Deregulation and environmental differentiation in the electric utility industry. Strategic Management Journal, 28(2), 189-209.
Delmas, M., & Tokat, Y. (2005). Deregulation, governance structures, and efficiency: the US electric utility sector. Strategic Management Journal, 26(5), 441-460.
Eisenhardt, K.M. (1989). Building Theories from Case Study research. Academy of Management Review, 14(4), 532-550.
Ekeledo, I., & Sivakumar, K. (2004). International market entry mode strategies of manufacturing firms and service firms: A resource-based perspective. International Marketing Review, 21(2), 68-101.
Ekeledo, I., & Sivakumar, K. (1998). Foreign market entry mode choice of service firms: A contingency perspective. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science. 26(4), 274-292.
Elkin, G., Farnsworth, J., & Templer, A. (2008). Strategy and the internationalisation of universities. International Journal of Educational Management, 22(3), 239-250.
Erramilli, M. K., & Rao, C. P. (1993). Service firm’s international entry mode choice: A modified transaction-cost analysis approach. Journal of Marketing, 57(2), 19-38.
Fillis, I. (2002). Barriers to internationalization: An investigation of the craft microenterprise. European Journal of Marketing, 36(7/8), 912-927.
Gable, M., Topol, M.T., Mathis, S., & Fisher, M.E. (1995). Entry barriers in retailing. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 2(4), 211-221.
Grant, R.M. (1991). The Resource Based Theory of Competitive Advantage: Implications for Strategy Formulation. California Management Review, 33(3), 114-135.
Hamel, G., & Prahalad, C.K. (1994). Competing for the Future. Harvard Business School Press, Boston, MA.
Han, J.K., Kim, N., & Kim, H.B. (2001). Entry barriers: a dull-, one-, or two-edged sword for incumbents? Unraveling the paradox from a contingency perspective. Journal of Marketing, 65, 1-14.
Hastings, K., & Perry, C. (2000). Do services exporters build relationships? Some qualitative perspectives. Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, 3(4), 207-214.
Haveman, H.A. (1993). Organizational size and change: diversification in the savings and loan industry after deregulation. Administrative Science Quarterly, 38(1), 20-51.
Hymer, S. (1976). The International Operations of National Firms: A Study of Direct Investment, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
Johanson, J., & Vahlne, J-E. (1977). The internationalization process of the firm-a model of knowledge development and increasing foreign market commitments. Journal of International Business Studies, 8, 23-32.
Johansson, U., & Elg, U. (2002). Relationships as entry barriers: a network perspective. Scandinavian Journal of Management, 18, 393-419.
Kalyanaram, G., Robinson, W.T., & Urban, G.L. (1995). Order of market entry: established empirical generalizations, and future research. Marketing Science, 14(3), 212-221.
Karakaya, F., & Stahl, M.J. (1992). Underlying dimensions of barriers to market entry in consumer goods markets (research note). Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 20(3), 275-278.
Kerin, R.A., Varadarajan, P.R., & Peterson, R.A. (1992). First-mover advantage: a synthesis, conceptual framework, and research propositions. Journal of Marketing, 56, 33-52.
Kim, B., Kim, H., & Lee, Y. (2002). Modes of Foreign Market Entry by Korean SI Firms. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 14(4), 13-35.
Kim, W. C., & Hwang, P. (1992). Global strategy and multinationals’ entry mode choice. Journal of International Business Studies, 22(1), 29-53.
Klein, B., & Leffler, K.B. (1981). The role of market forces in assuring contractual performance. Journal of Political Economy, 89(4), 615-640.
Koch, A.J. (2001). Factors influencing market and entry mode selection: developing the MEMS model. Marketing Intelligence and Planning, 19(5), 351-361.
Levinthal, D. (1997). Adaptation on rugged landscapes. Management Sciences, 43(7), 934-950.
Lieberman, M.B., & Montgomery, D.B. (1998). First-mover (dis)advantages: retrospective and link with the resource-based view. Strategic Management Journal, 19, 1111-1125.
Luo, Y. (2003). Market-seeking MNEs in an emerging market: how parent-subsidiary links shape overseas success. Journal of International Business Studies, 34(3), 290-309.
Luo, Y., & Mezias, J. (2002). Liability of foreignness: concepts, constructs, and consequences. Journal of International Management, 8(3), 217-221.
Luo, Y., Shenkar, O., & Nyaw, M. (2002). Mitigating liabilities of foreignness: defensive versus offensive approaches. Journal of International Management, 8(3), 283-300.
Makadok, R. (1998). Can first mover and early-mover advantages be sustained in an industry with low barriers to entry/imitation?. Strategic Management Journal, 19, 683-696.
Malhotra, N.K., Agarwal, J., & Ulgado, F.M. (2003). Internationalization and entry modes: a multitheoretical framework and research propositions. Journal of International Marketing, 11(4), 1-31.
Marshall, C., & Rossman, G. (1989). Designing Qualitative Research’ Sage Publications. Newbury Park, California.
Mayrhofer, U. (2004). International market entry: does home country effect entry-mode decisions?. Journal of International Marketing, 12(4), 71-96.
Meyer, A., Tsui, A., & Hinings, C. (1993). Configurational approaches to organizational analysis. Academy of Management Journal, 36(6), 1175-1195.
Palmer, A. (2008). Principles of Services Marketing, 5th ed., McGraw-Hill, London
Palmer. A., & Cole. C. (1995). Services Marketing: Principles and Practice. New Jersey, Prentice Hall.
Pehrsson, A. (2008). Customer access, competitive certainty and interactions: performance effects in two strategy contexts. Proceedings of the 3rd Annual Copenhagen Conference on Strategic Management, 11-12 December, Copenhagen, Denmark
Pehrsson, A (2009). Barriers to entry and market strategy: a literature review and a proposed model. European Business Review, 21(1), 64-77.
Pehrsson, A. (2004). Strategy competence: a successful approach to international market entry. Management Decision, 42(6), 758-768.
Peteraf, M. (1993). The cornerstones of competitive advantage: A resource based view. Strategic Management Journal 14, 179-191.
Peteraf, M., & Reed, R. (2007). Managerial discretion and internal alignment under regulatory constraints and change. Strategic Management Journal, 28(11), 1089-1112.
Pitelis, C., & Roger, S. (2000). The nature of the transnational firm, Routledge, New York.
Porter, M.E. (1980). Competitive Strategy. Free Press, New York, NY, 57-77.
Porter, M.E. (1985). Competitive Advantage. The Free Press, New York, NY.
Reid, S. (1983). Firm internationalisation, transaction costs and strategic choice. International Marketing Review, 1(2), 44-56.
Robinson, K., & McDougall, P. (2001). Entry barriers and new venture performance: a comparison of universal and contingency approaches. Strategic Management Journal, 22, 659-685.
Robson, C (2002). Real world research. (2nd ed), Oxford, Blackwell.
Rodriguez-Pinto, J., Gutierrez-Cillan, J., & Rodriguez-Escudero, A.I. (2007). Order and scale of market entry, firm resources, and performance. European Journal of Marketing, 41(5/6), 590-607.
Albaum, A., Duerr, E., & Strandskov, J. (2004). International Marketing and Export Management’, 5th Edition, Prentice Hall.
Alexander, N., & Myers, H. (2000). The retail internationalisation process. International Marketing Review, 17(4/5), 334-353.
Anderson, E. & Gatignon, H. (1986). Modes of foreign entry: A transaction cost analysis and propositions. Journal of International Business Studies, 17(1), 1-26.
Bain, J. (1956). Barriers to New Competition. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
Barkema, H. G., & Vermeulen, F. (1998). International expansion through strart-up or acquisition: A learning perspective. Academy of Management Journal, 41(1), 7-26.
Barney, J. (1991). Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management (March), 99-120.
Blomstermo, A., Sallis, J., & Sharma, D. D. (2006). Choice of foreign market entry mode in service firms. International Marketing Review, 23(2), 211-229.
Buckley, P.J., & Smith, G.E. (1994). An international comparison of the structure of national foreign market servicing strategies. International Business Review, 3(1), 71-94.
Caves, R. (2007). Multinational Enterprise and Economic Analysis, 3rd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Cavusgil, S.T. (1980). On the internationalization process of firms. European Research, 8, 272-281.
Chen, H., Griffith, D.A., & Hu, M.Y. (2006). The influence of liability of foreignness on market entry strategies: An illustration of market entry in China. International Marketing Review, 23(6), 636-649.
Chetty, S.K. (1999). Dimensions of internationalisation of manufacturing firms in the apparel industry. European Journal of Marketing, 33(1/2), 121-142.
Chudnovsky, D., & Lopes, A. (2004). Transnational corporations’ strategies and foreign trade patterns in MERCOSUR countries in the 1990s. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 28, 635-652.
Cicic, M., Patterson, P.G., & Shoham, A. (1999). A conceptual model of the internationalization of service firms. Journal of Global Marketing, 12 (3), 81-106.
Conner, K., & Prahalad, C. (1996). A resource-based theory of the firm: Knowledge versus opportunism. Organisation Science, 7(5), 477-501.
Delmas, M., Russo, M.V., & Montes-Sancho, M.J. (2007). Deregulation and environmental differentiation in the electric utility industry. Strategic Management Journal, 28(2), 189-209.
Delmas, M., & Tokat, Y. (2005). Deregulation, governance structures, and efficiency: the US electric utility sector. Strategic Management Journal, 26(5), 441-460.
Eisenhardt, K.M. (1989). Building Theories from Case Study research. Academy of Management Review, 14(4), 532-550.
Ekeledo, I., & Sivakumar, K. (2004). International market entry mode strategies of manufacturing firms and service firms: A resource-based perspective. International Marketing Review, 21(2), 68-101.
Ekeledo, I., & Sivakumar, K. (1998). Foreign market entry mode choice of service firms: A contingency perspective. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science. 26(4), 274-292.
Elkin, G., Farnsworth, J., & Templer, A. (2008). Strategy and the internationalisation of universities. International Journal of Educational Management, 22(3), 239-250.
Erramilli, M. K., & Rao, C. P. (1993). Service firm’s international entry mode choice: A modified transaction-cost analysis approach. Journal of Marketing, 57(2), 19-38.
Fillis, I. (2002). Barriers to internationalization: An investigation of the craft microenterprise. European Journal of Marketing, 36(7/8), 912-927.
Gable, M., Topol, M.T., Mathis, S., & Fisher, M.E. (1995). Entry barriers in retailing. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 2(4), 211-221.
Grant, R.M. (1991). The Resource Based Theory of Competitive Advantage: Implications for Strategy Formulation. California Management Review, 33(3), 114-135.
Hamel, G., & Prahalad, C.K. (1994). Competing for the Future. Harvard Business School Press, Boston, MA.
Han, J.K., Kim, N., & Kim, H.B. (2001). Entry barriers: a dull-, one-, or two-edged sword for incumbents? Unraveling the paradox from a contingency perspective. Journal of Marketing, 65, 1-14.
Hastings, K., & Perry, C. (2000). Do services exporters build relationships? Some qualitative perspectives. Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, 3(4), 207-214.
Haveman, H.A. (1993). Organizational size and change: diversification in the savings and loan industry after deregulation. Administrative Science Quarterly, 38(1), 20-51.
Hymer, S. (1976). The International Operations of National Firms: A Study of Direct Investment, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
Johanson, J., & Vahlne, J-E. (1977). The internationalization process of the firm-a model of knowledge development and increasing foreign market commitments. Journal of International Business Studies, 8, 23-32.
Johansson, U., & Elg, U. (2002). Relationships as entry barriers: a network perspective. Scandinavian Journal of Management, 18, 393-419.
Kalyanaram, G., Robinson, W.T., & Urban, G.L. (1995). Order of market entry: established empirical generalizations, and future research. Marketing Science, 14(3), 212-221.
Karakaya, F., & Stahl, M.J. (1992). Underlying dimensions of barriers to market entry in consumer goods markets (research note). Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 20(3), 275-278.
Kerin, R.A., Varadarajan, P.R., & Peterson, R.A. (1992). First-mover advantage: a synthesis, conceptual framework, and research propositions. Journal of Marketing, 56, 33-52.
Kim, B., Kim, H., & Lee, Y. (2002). Modes of Foreign Market Entry by Korean SI Firms. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 14(4), 13-35.
Kim, W. C., & Hwang, P. (1992). Global strategy and multinationals’ entry mode choice. Journal of International Business Studies, 22(1), 29-53.
Klein, B., & Leffler, K.B. (1981). The role of market forces in assuring contractual performance. Journal of Political Economy, 89(4), 615-640.
Koch, A.J. (2001). Factors influencing market and entry mode selection: developing the MEMS model. Marketing Intelligence and Planning, 19(5), 351-361.
Levinthal, D. (1997). Adaptation on rugged landscapes. Management Sciences, 43(7), 934-950.
Lieberman, M.B., & Montgomery, D.B. (1998). First-mover (dis)advantages: retrospective and link with the resource-based view. Strategic Management Journal, 19, 1111-1125.
Luo, Y. (2003). Market-seeking MNEs in an emerging market: how parent-subsidiary links shape overseas success. Journal of International Business Studies, 34(3), 290-309.
Luo, Y., & Mezias, J. (2002). Liability of foreignness: concepts, constructs, and consequences. Journal of International Management, 8(3), 217-221.
Luo, Y., Shenkar, O., & Nyaw, M. (2002). Mitigating liabilities of foreignness: defensive versus offensive approaches. Journal of International Management, 8(3), 283-300.
Makadok, R. (1998). Can first mover and early-mover advantages be sustained in an industry with low barriers to entry/imitation?. Strategic Management Journal, 19, 683-696.
Malhotra, N.K., Agarwal, J., & Ulgado, F.M. (2003). Internationalization and entry modes: a multitheoretical framework and research propositions. Journal of International Marketing, 11(4), 1-31.
Marshall, C., & Rossman, G. (1989). Designing Qualitative Research’ Sage Publications. Newbury Park, California.
Mayrhofer, U. (2004). International market entry: does home country effect entry-mode decisions?. Journal of International Marketing, 12(4), 71-96.
Meyer, A., Tsui, A., & Hinings, C. (1993). Configurational approaches to organizational analysis. Academy of Management Journal, 36(6), 1175-1195.
Palmer, A. (2008). Principles of Services Marketing, 5th ed., McGraw-Hill, London
Palmer. A., & Cole. C. (1995). Services Marketing: Principles and Practice. New Jersey, Prentice Hall.
Pehrsson, A. (2008). Customer access, competitive certainty and interactions: performance effects in two strategy contexts. Proceedings of the 3rd Annual Copenhagen Conference on Strategic Management, 11-12 December, Copenhagen, Denmark
Pehrsson, A (2009). Barriers to entry and market strategy: a literature review and a proposed model. European Business Review, 21(1), 64-77.
Pehrsson, A. (2004). Strategy competence: a successful approach to international market entry. Management Decision, 42(6), 758-768.
Peteraf, M. (1993). The cornerstones of competitive advantage: A resource based view. Strategic Management Journal 14, 179-191.
Peteraf, M., & Reed, R. (2007). Managerial discretion and internal alignment under regulatory constraints and change. Strategic Management Journal, 28(11), 1089-1112.
Pitelis, C., & Roger, S. (2000). The nature of the transnational firm, Routledge, New York.
Porter, M.E. (1980). Competitive Strategy. Free Press, New York, NY, 57-77.
Porter, M.E. (1985). Competitive Advantage. The Free Press, New York, NY.
Reid, S. (1983). Firm internationalisation, transaction costs and strategic choice. International Marketing Review, 1(2), 44-56.
Robinson, K., & McDougall, P. (2001). Entry barriers and new venture performance: a comparison of universal and contingency approaches. Strategic Management Journal, 22, 659-685.
Robson, C (2002). Real world research. (2nd ed), Oxford, Blackwell.
Rodriguez-Pinto, J., Gutierrez-Cillan, J., & Rodriguez-Escudero, A.I. (2007). Order and scale of market entry, firm resources, and performance. European Journal of Marketing, 41(5/6), 590-607.